Ordinul de plată arată beneficiarul.

Because -ul is the Romanian definite article attached to the end of the noun.

• ordin = an order / order
• ordinul = the order

Romanian usually puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English does.

So:

• Ordinul de plată = the payment order

de plată literally means of payment, but in natural English this becomes payment in payment order.

So the structure is:

• ordin = order
• de = of / for
• plată = payment

Together, ordin de plată is a fixed expression meaning payment order.

This kind of noun + de + noun structure is very common in Romanian.

Because in this phrase, plată is being used in its indefinite form.

Compare:

• plată = payment
• plata = the payment

In ordin de plată, the second noun stays indefinite because the whole phrase functions like a compound noun: payment order.

So Romanian says:

• ordin de plată = payment order
  not
• ordin de plata

For the same reason as ordinul: the ending -ul marks the definite article.

• beneficiar = beneficiary
• beneficiarul = the beneficiary

So the sentence is talking about a specific beneficiary, not just any beneficiary.

Because Romanian usually uses a postposed definite article, meaning the article is attached to the end of the noun.

Examples:

• bărbat = man

• bărbatul = the man

• ordin = order

• ordinul = the order

• beneficiar = beneficiary
• beneficiarul = the beneficiary

This is one of the main differences from English.

arată is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a arăta, meaning to show.

So:

• a arăta = to show
• arată = shows / is showing

In this sentence, the subject is Ordinul de plată, which is singular, so arată matches it:

• Ordinul de plată arată... = The payment order shows...

The letter ă is a very common Romanian vowel. It sounds like a short, relaxed uh sound, similar to the a in English sofa.

So arată is approximately pronounced:

• a-RA-tuh

with the stress on the middle syllable: ra

Also note:

• a = a clear ah
• ă = a reduced uh

So arătă and arată would not sound the same if spelled differently.

Good question. Romanian often uses pe before a specific direct object, especially when it refers to a person.

For example:

• Văd copilul. = I see the child.
• Îl văd pe copil. = I see the child.

But beneficiarul here is in a more formal/banking/administrative context, and it does not have to take pe in this kind of sentence. It is being treated more like a standard object in official language.

So:

• Ordinul de plată arată beneficiarul. = The payment order shows the beneficiary.

In everyday Romanian, with clearly human direct objects, you will very often see pe.

The normal, neutral word order here is:

• Ordinul de plată = subject
• arată = verb
• beneficiarul = object

So the sentence follows the common Subject + Verb + Object pattern:

• Ordinul de plată arată beneficiarul.

Romanian word order is more flexible than English, but changing it usually changes the emphasis or sounds more marked. For a simple statement, this order is the most natural.

Not always. A literal translation helps you understand the structure, but the natural English translation often changes.

For example:

• ordin de plată = payment order, not usually order of payment
• card de credit = credit card
• sală de sport = gym or sports hall

So de often links nouns in a way that English may translate with:

• another noun
• an adjective
• of
• for

You should learn ordin de plată as a whole expression.

The subject would become plural, and the verb would also change.

Singular:

• Ordinul de plată arată beneficiarul.
• The payment order shows the beneficiary.

Plural subject:

• Ordinele de plată arată beneficiarul.
• The payment orders show the beneficiary.

Here:

• ordinul = the order
• ordinele = the orders

The verb arată stays the same in the present tense for both he/she/it and they, so the form does not change here.

If the object were plural too, you could get:

• Ordinele de plată arată beneficiarii.
• The payment orders show the beneficiaries.