Optyk zbada mój wzrok.

• optyk = optician
• zbada = will examine / will check thoroughly
• mój = my
• wzrok = eyesight / vision / sense of sight

A very literal version is: The optician will examine my eyesight.

Because zbadać is a perfective verb in Polish. Perfective verbs do not normally have a true present tense for ongoing actions. Their present-looking forms are usually translated as future in English.

So:

• zbada = will examine
• not is examining

This is a very common Polish pattern:

• zrobi = will do
• napisze = will write
• przeczyta = will read

This is mainly a question of aspect:

• badać = imperfective: to examine, to be examining, to examine regularly
• zbadać = perfective: to examine fully, to complete the examination

So:

• Optyk bada mój wzrok = The optician is examining / examines my eyesight.
• Optyk zbada mój wzrok = The optician will examine my eyesight, with the idea of a completed check.

The prefix z- often helps create a perfective verb.

Optyk is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence — the person doing the action.

Base form:

• optyk = optician

In this sentence, optyk is the one who will examine, so nominative is exactly what you expect.

Wzrok is in the accusative case because it is the direct object — the thing being examined.

However, for many masculine inanimate nouns in Polish, the accusative looks the same as the nominative.

So:

• nominative: wzrok
• accusative: wzrok

That is why the form does not visibly change here.

Mój has to agree with wzrok in gender, number, and case.

Here, wzrok is:

• masculine
• singular
• accusative
• inanimate

For a masculine singular inanimate noun in the accusative, mój stays mój.

So:

• mój wzrok = correct

Compare:

• Widzę mojego psa = I see my dog
  Here psa is masculine animate, so the accusative looks different.

Not exactly. Wzrok means eyesight, vision, or sense of sight, not the physical eyes themselves.

So:

• wzrok = eyesight / vision
• oczy = eyes

That is why zbadać wzrok means to test/examine someone’s eyesight, not literally to examine the eyeballs as body parts.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because the cases show who is doing what.

Optyk zbada mój wzrok is the most neutral, standard order.

You could also say:

• Mój wzrok zbada optyk.

This is still grammatical, but it sounds more marked and puts more focus on mój wzrok or on who exactly will examine it.

For a learner, the basic subject–verb–object order is the safest choice.

Not always, but in this sentence it sounds natural because it clearly specifies whose eyesight is being examined.

• Optyk zbada wzrok sounds more general, less personal, and often incomplete without context.
• Optyk zbada mój wzrok clearly means my eyesight.

In real Polish, people also often use a pronoun in another structure, for example:

• Optyk zbada mi wzrok.

That literally looks like The optician will examine me the eyesight, but naturally it means The optician will examine my eyesight.

Because Polish has no articles.

English needs words like:

• the
• a
• an

Polish does not. Whether something is definite or indefinite is usually understood from context.

So Optyk zbada mój wzrok can be understood as:

• The optician will examine my eyesight or, depending on context,
• An optician will examine my eyesight

It depends on context.

• optyk usually means optician
• okulista means eye doctor / ophthalmologist
• optometrysta means optometrist

In everyday speech, people may say optyk when talking about going somewhere to have their vision tested for glasses. But if you mean a medical eye specialist, okulista or optometrysta may be more precise.

So the sentence is understandable and natural, but the exact profession can vary depending on the situation.

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation guide is:

• Optyk ≈ OP-tik
• zbada ≈ ZBA-da
• mój ≈ mooy (more accurately muy)
• wzrok ≈ vzrok

The main stress in Polish is usually on the second-to-last syllable:

• OP-tyk
• zBA-da

The full sentence sounds roughly like: OP-tik ZBA-da muy vzrok