Firma oszczędza milion złotych.

Yes, firma is a feminine noun in Polish, and it means company, firm, or sometimes business depending on context.

It ends in -a, which is a very common ending for feminine nouns in Polish. In this sentence, though, that feminine gender does not change the verb form, because in the present tense, Polish uses the same 3rd person singular verb form for he, she, and it.

So:

• firma = company
• it is feminine
• but oszczędza would look the same whether the subject were masculine, feminine, or neuter

Oszczędza is the 3rd person singular present tense form of oszczędzać.

Here it means something like:

• saves
• is saving
• is economizing
• cuts costs / saves money

The exact English translation depends on context. In this sentence, Firma oszczędza milion złotych, the most natural meaning is:

• The company saves a million zlotys or
• The company is saving a million zlotys

Polish present tense can cover both a general/habitual meaning and a current ongoing meaning, depending on context.

This is about aspect, which is very important in Polish.

• oszczędzać = imperfective
• zaoszczędzić = perfective

In this sentence, oszczędza comes from the imperfective verb oszczędzać, which is used for:

• ongoing actions
• repeated actions
• general facts
• habits

So Firma oszczędza milion złotych suggests something like:

• the company is in the process of saving that amount
• the company regularly saves that amount
• the company saves that much as a general fact

If you used a perfective form like zaoszczędzi, it would point more toward a completed result:

• Firma zaoszczędzi milion złotych = The company will save a million zlotys / will manage to save a million zlotys

So the sentence uses oszczędza because it presents the action as ongoing or general, not as a completed achievement.

Because milion here is the direct object of the verb oszczędza, so it is in the accusative case.

For a masculine inanimate noun like milion, the accusative singular is the same as the nominative singular:

• nominative: milion
• accusative: milion

So:

• Firma oszczędza milion złotych = the company saves a million zlotys

You may also see miliona in other contexts, for example in the genitive:

• Nie ma miliona złotych = There is no million zlotys
• Potrzebujemy miliona złotych = We need a million zlotys

So miliona is not wrong in general; it is just not the case needed here.

Because after milion, the counted noun goes into the genitive plural.

This is a standard pattern in Polish with larger numbers and quantity words:

• milion złotych
• sto złotych
• pięć złotych
• dużo złotych is not normal, but with quantity expressions the noun often changes case in a similar way

The base noun is:

• singular: złoty
• plural nominative: złote
• genitive plural: złotych

After milion, Polish uses:

• milion złotych

not:

• milion złoty
• milion złote

So the structure is:

• milion
  • genitive plural noun
• milion złotych = a million zlotys

They are doing different jobs, even though together they express one amount.

• milion is the main quantity word
• złotych tells you what is being counted

Grammatically:

• milion is the direct object of oszczędza
• złotych depends on milion and is in the genitive plural

So the structure is roughly:

• [Firma] [oszczędza] [milion [złotych]]
• [The company] [saves] [a million [zlotys]]

This is similar to English a million dollars, where million is the head of the quantity phrase and dollars specifies the unit.

Because Polish does not have articles like a, an, and the.

So firma can mean:

• a company
• the company

Which one is intended depends on context.

Likewise:

• milion złotych can mean a million zlotys
• in the right context, it could also refer to a specific million, but usually it is just understood as an amount

So Firma oszczędza milion złotych does not explicitly mark definiteness the way English does.

Yes. Polish present tense often covers both meanings.

So oszczędza can mean:

• saves (habitually / generally)
• is saving (currently / in progress)

Only context tells you which one is more natural.

For example:

• Ta firma oszczędza milion złotych rocznie.
  = This company saves a million zlotys a year.
  Here it sounds habitual.

• Dzięki redukcji kosztów firma oszczędza milion złotych.
  = Thanks to cost cuts, the company is saving a million zlotys.
  Here it sounds more like a current result.

So the Polish form itself does not force one interpretation.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical relationships.

The neutral, straightforward order here is:

• Firma oszczędza milion złotych.

That is the most natural way to present the sentence with no special emphasis.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, contrast, or style, for example:

• Milion złotych firma oszczędza.
  Emphasizes the amount
• Oszczędza firma milion złotych.
  More marked, less neutral, and more likely in a special context

Even though these are possible, a learner should usually stick with:

• subject + verb + object

unless there is a reason to emphasize something.

Yes, but not much in this exact verb form.

In the present tense, the verb form oszczędza is the same for all singular genders:

• firma oszczędza = the company saves
• bank oszczędza = the bank saves
• przedsiębiorstwo oszczędza = the enterprise saves

But gender matters elsewhere, for example with:

Adjectives

• duża firma = a big company

Past tense verbs

• Firma oszczędzała = The company was saving / used to save

Pronouns

• To jest dobra firma. Ona dużo oszczędza.
  = This is a good company. It saves a lot.
  Grammatically, ona is feminine because firma is feminine.

So gender is important in Polish, just not very visible in this particular present-tense verb form.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• Firma ≈ FEER-ma
• oszczędza ≈ osh-CHEN-dza
• milion ≈ MEE-lyon
• złotych ≈ ZWO-tikh or ZWO-tɨkh

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• sz sounds like sh
• cz sounds like ch in chop
• ę is a nasal vowel; before dz it often sounds close to en
• ł sounds like English w
• ch sounds like a rough h sound
• stress in Polish usually falls on the second-to-last syllable:
  • FIR-ma
  • osz-CZĘD-za
  • MI-lion
  • ZŁO-tych

A learner does not need perfect pronunciation immediately, but recognizing ł = w and the consonant clusters in oszczędza helps a lot.