To badanie jest obowiązkowe.

Here to means this. So to badanie means this examination / this test / this study, depending on context.

Polish to is a very common demonstrative word. With a neuter noun like badanie, it stays to:

• to badanie — this examination
• to dziecko — this child
• to okno — this window

It can also mean it/this is in other sentence patterns, so learners often need to identify its role from context.

Badanie is a noun, not a verb. It most often means:

• examination
• test
• check-up
• sometimes study / investigation / research

The exact meaning depends on context. For example:

• in medicine, badanie often means a medical examination or test
• in science, it can mean a study or research investigation

So the sentence could refer to a required medical test, school test, or formal examination, depending on the situation.

Badanie is the nominative singular form. It is the basic dictionary form of the noun.

In this sentence, badanie is the subject, so nominative is used:

• To badanie jest obowiązkowe. — This examination is mandatory.

Because badanie is a neuter noun, it typically ends in -e in the nominative singular.

Jest means is.

So the sentence structure is:

• To badanie — this examination
• jest — is
• obowiązkowe — mandatory / compulsory

Together: This examination is mandatory.

In Polish, jest can sometimes be omitted in very informal or headline-like language, but in a normal full sentence like this, jest is standard and natural.

Because obowiązkowe is an adjective and it must agree with badanie.

Badanie is:

• singular
• neuter
• nominative

So the adjective also has to be:

• singular
• neuter
• nominative

That is why you get:

• obowiązkowy — masculine
• obowiązkowa — feminine
• obowiązkowe — neuter

Examples:

• Ten egzamin jest obowiązkowy. — This exam is mandatory.
• Ta procedura jest obowiązkowa. — This procedure is mandatory.
• To badanie jest obowiązkowe. — This examination is mandatory.

It is very close to all of those, but the best English translation depends on context.

Obowiązkowy / obowiązkowe usually means:

• mandatory
• compulsory
• required

It often suggests that something is officially required, not optional.

For example:

• obowiązkowe szczepienie — mandatory vaccination
• obowiązkowy kurs — required course
• obowiązkowe badanie — mandatory examination / required test

Yes. Badanie jest obowiązkowe is perfectly correct.

The difference is roughly:

• Badanie jest obowiązkowe. — The examination is mandatory / An examination is mandatory.
• To badanie jest obowiązkowe. — This examination is mandatory.

So to makes it more specific, pointing to a particular examination.

The basic word order here is very natural:

• To badanie jest obowiązkowe.

Polish word order is more flexible than English, but changing it usually changes the emphasis.

For example:

• To badanie jest obowiązkowe. — neutral
• Obowiązkowe jest to badanie. — marked, more formal or emphatic
• Jest obowiązkowe to badanie. — possible in special contexts, but not the most neutral everyday order

For learners, the original order is the safest and most natural.

A simple approximate guide:

• badanie ≈ ba-DA-nye
• obowiązkowe ≈ o-bo-VYONZ-ko-ve

A few pronunciation notes:

• nie at the end of badanie sounds a bit like nye
• ą in obowiązkowe is a nasal vowel; before z/k it is often pronounced close to on or om in real speech
• w in Polish sounds like English v
• stress in Polish is usually on the second-to-last syllable

So:

• ba-DA-nie
• o-bo-wiąz-KO-we

The whole phrase to badanie functions as the subject phrase.

Inside that phrase:

• to is a demonstrative determiner/pronoun meaning this
• badanie is the noun

So in simple learner terms, you can think of to badanie as this examination, which is the subject of the sentence.

Yes, very easily. In everyday Polish, badanie often refers to a medical examination, screening, or test.

So To badanie jest obowiązkowe could mean:

• This test is mandatory
• This medical examination is required

That is a very common real-life use of the word.