Ja patrzę na krzesło.

I look at the chair.

Breakdown of Ja patrzę na krzesło.

• ja: I
• krzesło: the chair
• na: at
• patrzeć: to look

Questions & Answers about Ja patrzę na krzesło.

Why is the subject pronoun ja explicitly stated when the verb ending already indicates the subject?

In Polish, verbs are inflected to show the subject, so including ja (which means I) is not strictly necessary. However, learners may include it for extra clarity or emphasis, and in contexts where you want to stress or contrast the subject.

What is the conjugation and meaning of the verb patrzę?

Patrzę is the first person singular present tense form of the verb patrzeć, which means to look or to watch. It directly translates to I look or I am looking.

Why is the preposition na used in this sentence?

The preposition na is used to connect the verb with its object, much like at in the English phrase look at. In this sentence, na krzesło tells you what is being looked at.

Why does krzesło not have an article like the before it?

Polish does not use articles such as a, an, or the. Nouns like krzesło appear on their own, and context is relied upon to provide any information about definiteness that English speakers might expect with articles.

In which case is krzesło, and why is that case used here?

Krzesło is in the accusative case in this sentence, which is required after the preposition na when describing direction or the target of an action. This case marks krzesło as the object being looked at.

Is the word order in Ja patrzę na krzesło fixed, or can it be altered in Polish?

Polish features a flexible word order due to its inflectional nature. While the standard subject–verb–object order (ja patrzę na krzesło) is common and neutral, other arrangements can be used to emphasize different parts of the sentence. Beginners, however, are best advised to start with the standard order.