Fizjoterapeuta pokazuje ćwiczenie rozciągające.

Because some masculine personal nouns in Polish end in -a, even though they refer to men.

So fizjoterapeuta is grammatically masculine, not feminine.

You can see that from agreement in other forms, for example:

• dobry fizjoterapeuta = a good physiotherapist
• ten fizjoterapeuta = this physiotherapist

This is similar to other masculine job/person words such as:

• poeta = poet
• artysta = artist
• mężczyzna = man

So the -a ending does not always mean feminine in Polish.

Pokazuje is the 3rd person singular present tense form of pokazywać.

So it means:

• he/she/it shows
• or sometimes is showing, depending on context

In this sentence:

• fizjoterapeuta pokazuje = the physiotherapist shows / is showing

A quick breakdown:

• pokazywać = to show
• ja pokazuję = I show
• ty pokazujesz = you show
• on/ona pokazuje = he/she shows

It is the direct object here, so it is in the accusative case. But for this noun, the accusative singular looks exactly the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• ćwiczenie = nominative singular
• ćwiczenie = accusative singular

This happens because ćwiczenie is:

• neuter
• singular
• inanimate

For many neuter nouns in Polish, nominative and accusative singular are identical.

So in:

• Fizjoterapeuta pokazuje ćwiczenie rozciągające.

the word ćwiczenie really is the object, even though its form does not visibly change.

Rozciągające describes ćwiczenie, so it functions like an adjective meaning stretching or for stretching.

So:

• ćwiczenie rozciągające = a stretching exercise

Grammatically, it agrees with ćwiczenie in:

• gender: neuter
• number: singular
• case: accusative here, though for this type it looks the same as nominative

That is why it has the ending -ące:

• ćwiczenie = neuter singular
• rozciągające = neuter singular form to match it

It comes from the verb rozciągać = to stretch, so historically it is a participle-like form. But in many everyday sentences, learners can safely treat it like an adjective.

So in practice:

• ćwiczenie rozciągające works much like an adjective + noun phrase
• it means stretching exercise

You do not need to overcomplicate it at first. The important thing is that it agrees with the noun it describes.

In Polish, adjectives often do come before the noun, but they can also come after it.

Both positions exist, and the choice can depend on:

• style
• emphasis
• how fixed or technical the phrase sounds

Here:

• ćwiczenie rozciągające

sounds very natural, especially in medical, fitness, or instructional language.

A before-the-noun version may also be possible in some contexts, but noun + descriptive term is common in this kind of expression.

So this word order is not strange.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Fizjoterapeuta pokazuje ćwiczenie rozciągające.

This is a straightforward subject + verb + object sentence.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Ćwiczenie rozciągające pokazuje fizjoterapeuta.
  This puts more focus on the stretching exercise.

Even though Polish allows this flexibility, the original sentence is the most neutral and natural if you are simply stating what is happening.

Because Polish has no articles.

English says:

• a physiotherapist
• the physiotherapist

Polish simply says:

• fizjoterapeuta

The same with:

• ćwiczenie = an exercise / the exercise

Context tells you whether the meaning is definite or indefinite.

So the sentence can mean:

• A physiotherapist is showing a stretching exercise
• or The physiotherapist is showing the stretching exercise

depending on the situation.

A rough English-friendly guide:

• fizjoterapeuta → fee-zyo-te-ra-PEU-ta
• pokazuje → po-ka-ZU-ye
• ćwiczenie → roughly CHVEE-che-nye
• rozciągające → roughly ros-chon-GON-tse

A few important sound notes:

• ćw in ćwiczenie is tricky; ć is a soft sound, a bit like a softened ch
• cz and ć are different sounds in Polish
• ą in rozciągające is a nasal vowel
• Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, so:
  • fizjoteraPEUta
  • pokaZUje
  • ćwiCZEnie
  • rozciąGAjące

If you want, you can think of ćwiczenie as the trickiest word in the sentence for pronunciation.

You can tell from both meaning and grammar.

• fizjoterapeuta is in the nominative, which is the normal case for the subject
• ćwiczenie is in the accusative, which is the normal case for the direct object

Even though ćwiczenie looks the same in nominative and accusative, the sentence structure and the verb make the roles clear:

• the physiotherapist is the one doing the action
• the exercise is the thing being shown

So:

• fizjoterapeuta = subject
• pokazuje = verb
• ćwiczenie rozciągające = direct object

Yes. Polish present tense often covers both the simple present and the present continuous meanings that English separates.

So:

• pokazuje can mean shows
• or is showing

Which one sounds best in English depends on context.

For example:

• if you are describing a routine or general fact: shows
• if you are describing what is happening right now: is showing

Polish does not need two separate forms here.

The dictionary form is ćwiczenie.

It is:

• neuter
• singular in this sentence
• a noun formed from the verb ćwiczyć = to exercise / to practise

So ćwiczenie can mean:

• exercise
• practice task
• drill depending on context

In this sentence, because of rozciągające, it clearly means a physical exercise, specifically a stretching one.