Podczas tury odrzucam kartę.

Because podczas requires the genitive case in Polish.

• basic form: tura
• genitive singular: tury

So:

• podczas tury = during the turn/round

This is a fixed grammar pattern:

• podczas meczu = during the match
• podczas lekcji = during the lesson
• podczas gry = during the game

If you used podczas tura, it would be grammatically incorrect.

Kartę is the accusative singular form of karta.

The verb odrzucać / odrzucić takes a direct object, and direct objects are often in the accusative in Polish.

So:

• nominative: karta = a card
• accusative: kartę = a card, as the thing being discarded

In this sentence, the card is what is being discarded, so Polish uses:

• odrzucam kartę = I discard a card

This is very common in Polish:

• mam książkę = I have a book
• widzę kobietę = I see a woman
• czytam gazetę = I’m reading a newspaper

Odrzucam is the 1st person singular present tense of the imperfective verb odrzucać.

It means:

• I discard
• I am discarding
• sometimes, in game instructions or descriptions, I discard

Compare:

• odrzucać = imperfective, focusing on the action/process/habit
• odrzucić = perfective infinitive, meaning to discard completely/once
• odrzucę = future form of the perfective verb: I will discard

So:

• odrzucam kartę = I discard / I’m discarding a card
• odrzucę kartę = I will discard a card
• odrzucić kartę = to discard a card

In game language, Polish often uses the present tense for rules, actions, or what a player does on their turn.

In Polish, the subject pronoun is often left out because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.

Here:

• odrzucam ends in -am, which tells you it means I

So ja is unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

• Odrzucam kartę. = I discard a card.
• Ja odrzucam kartę. = I discard a card. (emphasized)

Polish drops subject pronouns much more often than English does.

Podczas means during.

So:

• podczas tury = during the turn

It is very close in meaning to w czasie:

• w czasie tury = during the turn
• podczas tury = during the turn

In many contexts, they are interchangeable. Podczas is a very common, natural preposition and often sounds slightly more compact or formal than w czasie.

Both require the genitive:

• podczas gry
• w czasie gry

Yes, tura here means a turn or sometimes a round, depending on the game.

In board games, card games, and similar contexts, tura often refers to a player's turn or a phase of play.

Examples:

• moja tura = my turn
• twoja tura = your turn
• podczas tury = during the turn

Depending on context, Polish may also use:

• kolejka
• runda

But in many game contexts, tura is a very natural word.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order, so the sentence structure does not change the basic meaning much.

• Podczas tury odrzucam kartę.
• Odrzucam kartę podczas tury.

Both are grammatical and mean essentially the same thing:

• I discard a card during the turn

Starting with podczas tury puts a little more focus on the time frame:

• During the turn, I discard a card

Often, yes, if they want to make it clear whose turn it is.

• podczas tury = during the turn
• podczas mojej tury = during my turn
• podczas twojej tury = during your turn

Without mojej, the phrase is more general. It may be perfectly fine if the context already makes it obvious whose turn is being discussed.

So:

• Podczas mojej tury odrzucam kartę. = During my turn, I discard a card.
• Podczas tury odrzucam kartę. = During the turn, I discard a card.

It is grammatical and understandable, but in actual game language, Polish can also use other verbs depending on the type of game.

Common alternatives include:

• odrzucam kartę = I discard a card
• wyrzucam kartę = I throw away / play off / discard a card
• zrzucam kartę = I drop/discard a card

Which one sounds most natural depends on the game. Odrzucać can sound a bit more formal or rule-book-like. In many card-game situations, wyrzucić or zrzucić may sound more colloquial.

Still, odrzucam kartę is absolutely correct.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• Podczas ≈ POD-chass
• tury ≈ TOO-ri
• odrzucam ≈ od-ZHOO-tsam
• kartę ≈ KAR-ten (with the final ę nasalized; in normal speech it often sounds close to e or en)

A more detailed approximation: POD-chass TOO-ri od-ZHOO-tsam KAR-ten

A couple of useful pronunciation notes:

• rz usually sounds like the s in measure or zh
• cz sounds like ch, but harder, as in church
• ę is a nasal vowel; at the end of a word, it is often not strongly nasal in everyday speech

Yes, you might hear that, especially in some contexts, but it is not exactly the same in feel.

• podczas tury = during the turn
• w turze = in the turn / on the turn

Podczas tury more clearly emphasizes the time span during the turn.
W turze can be used in game contexts, but podczas tury is the safer and more straightforward choice for a learner when you want to express during the turn.