Dziadek ma dobrą pamięć.

Because pamięć is the direct object of the verb ma (has), so it goes in the accusative case.

• nominative: dobra pamięć = good memory
• accusative: dobrą pamięć = a good memory / good memory as the thing someone has

Since dobra describes pamięć, the adjective also has to change to match the noun in gender, number, and case.

For feminine singular nouns like pamięć, the accusative ending of the adjective is often -ą:

• dobra → dobrą

Because pamięć is a feminine noun whose accusative singular looks the same as its nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: pamięć
• accusative: pamięć

This is very common with many feminine nouns that do not end in -a. The adjective changes visibly, but the noun itself may stay the same.

Dziadek is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence — the person who has something.

So the structure is:

• Dziadek = subject, nominative
• ma = verb
• dobrą pamięć = object, accusative

Ma means has. It is the 3rd person singular form of the verb mieć (to have).

A few forms of mieć are:

• mam = I have
• masz = you have
• ma = he/she/it has
• mamy = we have
• macie = you all have
• mają = they have

So Dziadek ma dobrą pamięć literally means Grandpa has a good memory.

Because in Polish, you usually do not need a possessive like his when it is already obvious whose memory is being talked about.

In English, Grandpa has a good memory already clearly means his own memory, and Polish works the same way here.

Adding swoją (his own) would usually sound unnecessary unless you want extra emphasis:

• Dziadek ma dobrą pamięć. = normal, natural
• Dziadek ma swoją dobrą pamięć. = unnatural in this context

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because case endings show the grammatical roles.

The most neutral order is:

• Dziadek ma dobrą pamięć.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Dobrą pamięć ma dziadek. = emphasis on good memory
• Ma dziadek dobrą pamięć. = possible in speech, often with a special tone or context

Even though these are possible, the original sentence is the most straightforward and natural for a learner.

Usually dziadek means grandfather or grandpa.

Depending on context, it can also be used more loosely for:

• an old man
• a grandfather figure
• sometimes part of idiomatic or family-style speech

But in a simple sentence like this, the normal meaning is grandpa/grandfather.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• dziadek ≈ JAH-dek, but the first sound is a soft Polish dź/dzi sound, not exactly English j
• pamięć ≈ PYAH-myench, with a nasal vowel in -ę and a soft final ć

A few helpful notes:

• dzi is a soft sound, somewhat like a softened j
• ą and ę are nasal vowels
• ć is a soft ch-like sound, not a hard k or t

If pronunciation is difficult, that is normal — these sounds do not match English exactly.

In Polish, every noun has a grammatical gender, and it does not always match any logical real-world idea. Pamięć happens to be feminine.

You can tell partly from how words around it behave:

• dobra pamięć in nominative
• dobrą pamięć in accusative

So even though memory is not biologically female, the noun is grammatically feminine, and adjectives must agree with that.

Yes. That would mean Grandpa has an excellent memory or a great memory.

It follows the same grammar pattern:

• świetna pamięć = nominative
• świetną pamięć = accusative after ma

This is a useful pattern to learn:

• ma + accusative object
• adjective also changes to accusative if needed

The dictionary forms are:

• dziadek = grandpa / grandfather
• mieć = to have
• dobry = good
• pamięć = memory

In the sentence, dobry appears as dobrą because it has to agree with pamięć in the accusative feminine singular.