Tyngdeoverføringen gjør stavtaket og diagonalgangen lettere.

Because Norwegian very often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

Tyngdeoverføringen can be broken down like this:

• tyngde = weight
• overføring = transfer
• tyngdeoverføring = weight transfer
• tyngdeoverføringen = the weight transfer

This is very normal in Norwegian. Where English might use two or three words, Norwegian often uses one compound word.

The ending -en marks the noun as definite singular.

So:

• en tyngdeoverføring = a weight transfer
• tyngdeoverføringen = the weight transfer

Unlike English, Norwegian usually adds definiteness to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

Gjør is the present tense of å gjøre = to do / to make.

In this sentence, gjør ... lettere means makes ... easier.

So the structure is:

• Tyngdeoverføringen = the subject
• gjør = makes
• stavtaket og diagonalgangen = the things being affected
• lettere = easier

This is a very common pattern in Norwegian:

• Det gjør arbeidet enklere. = It makes the work easier.
• Musikk gjør meg rolig. = Music makes me calm.

They are definite because the sentence is talking about those specific techniques in general, not just any random pole push or any random diagonal movement.

Breakdown:

• et stavtak → stavtaket = the pole push / the poling movement
• en diagonalgang → diagonalgangen = the diagonal stride

In Norwegian, it is common to use the definite form when talking about a known activity, method, or technique.

Because the nouns have different grammatical genders.

• et stavtak is neuter, so the definite singular is stavtaket
• en diagonalgang is common gender, so the definite singular is diagonalgangen

Similarly:

• et hus → huset
• en bil → bilen

So the ending depends on the noun’s gender.

Because lettere is the comparative form of lett.

• lett = easy / light
• lettere = easier

After gjør, Norwegian often uses an adjective that describes the result:

• gjør det lett = makes it easy
• gjør det lettere = makes it easier

Here the idea is that the weight transfer makes those techniques easier than they otherwise would be, so the comparative lettere is natural.

It follows this pattern:

Subject + verb + object + adjective/complement

So here:

• Tyngdeoverføringen = subject
• gjør = verb
• stavtaket og diagonalgangen = object
• lettere = complement describing the result

This is similar to English:

• The weight transfer makes the pole push and the diagonal stride easier.

Norwegian often works very similarly in sentences like this.

Og simply means and.

It joins the two nouns:

• stavtaket
• diagonalgangen

So both are affected by tyngdeoverføringen.

In other words, the sentence says that the weight transfer makes both of these things easier.

This sentence uses the normal declarative word order:

Subject + verb + rest

• Tyngdeoverføringen (subject)
• gjør (verb)
• stavtaket og diagonalgangen lettere (rest of the sentence)

That is the most neutral and expected order.

You could move something else to the front for emphasis, but then Norwegian would still keep the verb in second position because of the V2 rule:

• Stavtaket og diagonalgangen gjør tyngdeoverføringen lettere would mean something different, because now stavtaket og diagonalgangen becomes the subject.

So in the original sentence, word order is important for showing what causes what.

Yes, that is a good idea.

Even though you can analyze them:

• stav = pole
• tak = pull / stroke / push
• gang = gait / movement / way of going
• diagonal = diagonal

the full compounds are best learned as set terms, especially in a skiing context.

That is often the safest approach in Norwegian: understand the parts, but memorize the full compound as the real vocabulary word.