Moren har mødrekvoten og tre uker før termindatoen.

Because moren is the definite form: the mother.

In Norwegian, a noun often gets definiteness by adding an ending:

• mor = mother / a mother
• moren = the mother

So this sentence is talking about a specific mother, not mothers in general.

Norwegian usually puts the onto the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

So:

• moren = the mother
• mødrekvoten = the mother’s quota / the maternal quota
• termindatoen = the due date

A separate definite word such as den is usually added only in certain structures, especially when there is an adjective:

• den lange dagen = the long day

Because Norwegian normally writes compound nouns as one word.

So mødrekvoten is a compound:

• mødre-
  • kvoten

This is very common in Norwegian. Where English might write two words or use of, Norwegian often prefers one compound word.

Compare:

• barneskolen = the primary school
• sykehuset = the hospital
• termindatoen = the due date

It comes from mor and is the form used in this compound, but you should not read it too literally as an ordinary plural in the sentence.

The whole word mødrekvoten is the important unit. In the context of parental leave, it means the part of the leave reserved for the mother.

So even though mødre is also the plural form mothers, here it is just part of the compound noun.

Yes, har is the present tense of å ha, so it literally means has.

But in formal or administrative language, har can also mean something like:

• is entitled to
• gets
• has available

So in this kind of sentence, har is not just about physical possession. It often means that the mother is entitled to a certain leave period.

After numbers, Norwegian usually uses the indefinite plural.

So:

• tre uker = three weeks
• tre ukene = the three weeks

In this sentence, it is simply talking about an amount of time, so tre uker is the normal form.

Før means before, and termindatoen means the due date.

So:

• før termindatoen = before the due date

The phrase tells you when the three weeks are placed in time:

• tre uker før termindatoen = three weeks before the due date

Also, termin here is about pregnancy and childbirth, not a school term.

It connects two things that the mother has / is entitled to:

• mødrekvoten
• tre uker før termindatoen

So the sentence is listing two parts of the mother’s entitlement. In more natural English, you might understand it as something like The mother has the mother’s quota, plus three weeks before the due date.

No, this is normal Norwegian main-clause word order:

• Moren = subject
• har = verb
• mødrekvoten og tre uker før termindatoen = what she has

So it follows the basic pattern: Subject + verb + rest

That makes this sentence quite straightforward grammatically.