Dette er medisinsk utstyr.

Dette is the demonstrative pronoun meaning this in the sentence pattern Dette er ... = This is ....

It is very common in Norwegian when you are:

• pointing something out
• identifying something
• introducing something

So Dette er medisinsk utstyr is a very natural way to say This is medical equipment.

Denne is usually used directly before a common-gender noun:

• denne stolen = this chair

Dette is used before a neuter noun:

• dette huset = this house

But there is another important point: in the very common identifying pattern Dette er ..., Norwegian normally uses dette as the pronoun:

• Dette er en stol.
• Dette er bilen min.
• Dette er medisinsk utstyr.

So even if the thing being identified would not obviously suggest neuter agreement, Dette er ... is still the standard pattern.

Because utstyr usually works like the English word equipment: it is often treated as a mass noun rather than a countable item.

That means Norwegian normally says:

• medisinsk utstyr = medical equipment

not:

• et medisinsk utstyr

when speaking generally.

This is the same idea as English:

• This is medical equipment not usually
• This is a medical equipment

Because the adjective is describing a singular, indefinite noun phrase:

• medisinsk utstyr

Also, adjectives ending in -sk usually do not add an extra -t in the neuter singular indefinite form.

So:

• medisinsk utstyr is correct
• not medisinskt utstyr

You do get medisinske in plural or definite forms, for example:

• det medisinske utstyret = the medical equipment
• medisinske apparater = medical devices

Grammatically, it is treated as singular here, but its meaning is often collective or uncountable.

That is why it behaves a lot like English equipment. It refers to equipment as a category or substance-like whole, not to one separately counted object.

So:

• utstyr often means equipment in general
• if you want to count individual items, Norwegian often uses other nouns, such as apparat, enhet, or another more specific word

Usually, no.

That sounds unnatural in ordinary Norwegian because utstyr is usually not used as a normal count noun in this meaning.

Better options are:

• Dette er medisinsk utstyr. = This is medical equipment.
• Dette er et medisinsk apparat. = This is a medical device.
• Dette er en medisinsk enhet. = This is a medical unit/device.

So if you mean equipment in general, leave out the article.

The structure is:

• Dette = subject
• er = verb
• medisinsk utstyr = subject complement / predicate noun phrase

So the pattern is basically:

This + is + medical equipment

This is a very standard Norwegian main clause. The finite verb er comes in second position, which fits the normal Norwegian word order.

Yes, but the nuance is a little different.

• Dette er medisinsk utstyr = This is medical equipment
  You are pointing something out or identifying it.

• Det er medisinsk utstyr can mean It is medical equipment or fit other contexts depending on what det refers to.

If you are showing someone an object and saying what it is, Dette er ... is usually the clearest and most natural choice.

That would be:

det medisinske utstyret

Here several things change:

• det = the definite article for a neuter noun phrase
• medisinske = the adjective takes the definite/plural form
• utstyret = utstyr with the definite ending -et

So you can compare:

• medisinsk utstyr = medical equipment
• det medisinske utstyret = the medical equipment

This is a very useful pattern to learn, because Norwegian often marks definiteness on both the adjective phrase and the noun.