Saya melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca.

Breakdown of Saya melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca.

saya
I
di belakang
behind
melihat
to see
kaca
the glass
burung
the bird
kuning
yellow
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Questions & Answers about Saya melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca.

What does Saya mean, and can I use other words for I?

Saya means I and is the standard polite form in Malay. It’s safe in almost all situations (formal and informal).

Other common forms:

  • aku – informal, used with close friends, family, or when talking to yourself.
  • gua / gue – very informal / slang (more common in Indonesian/colloquial speech).

In a textbook-style sentence like Saya melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca, Saya is the most appropriate choice.


Why is the verb melihat and not lihat here? What’s the difference?

The base verb is lihat (to see).
melihat is the meN- form of the verb, which often:

  • makes it sound more complete or formal, and
  • is commonly used in standard written Malay.

In many everyday contexts, you might also hear:

  • Saya lihat burung kuning… – still acceptable in speech.
  • Saya nampak burung kuning… – more like I noticed / I happened to see.
  • Saya tengok burung kuning… – more like I look at / I watch a bird.

In textbooks, melihat is the neutral, standard choice for to see.


What word order does Malay use in this sentence?

The sentence follows a basic SVO (Subject–Verb–Object) order, like English:

  • Saya – subject (I)
  • melihat – verb (see/saw)
  • burung kuning – object (yellow bird)
  • di belakang kaca – prepositional phrase (behind the glass)

So the structure is: Saya (S) melihat (V) burung kuning (O) di belakang kaca (PP), very close to English word order.


Why is it burung kuning and not kuning burung for yellow bird?

In Malay, adjectives usually come after the noun:

  • burung = bird
  • kuning = yellow
  • burung kuning = yellow bird

Some more examples:

  • rumah besar = big house
  • kereta merah = red car
  • baju baru = new shirt

Putting the adjective before the noun (kuning burung) would be incorrect.


Does burung mean one bird or many birds here?

On its own, burung is number-neutral: it can mean a bird or birds.

The exact meaning depends on context. If you want to be clear:

  • seekor burung kuning = a (single) yellow bird
  • beberapa ekor burung kuning = several yellow birds
  • banyak burung kuning = many yellow birds

In your sentence, burung kuning could be a yellow bird or yellow birds, depending on the context already given.


What does kuning mean exactly? Can I also say berwarna kuning?

kuning means yellow (the color).

You can also say:

  • berwarna kuning = (is) yellow in color

So:

  • burung kuning = yellow bird
  • burung berwarna kuning = bird that is yellow in color

Both are correct. burung kuning is shorter and very natural in everyday speech.


What does di belakang kaca mean literally?

Literally:

  • di = at / in / on / in/at (location preposition)
  • belakang = back / behind
  • kaca = glass (as a material, or a pane of glass)

So di belakang kaca = behind the glass (on the other side of some glass surface, like a window, display case, aquarium, etc.).

It usually does not mean “behind a drinking glass (cup)” unless context makes that clear.


What’s the role of di in di belakang? Could I just say belakang kaca?

di is a location preposition meaning roughly at / in / on.

  • di belakang = at the back / behind
  • di belakang kaca = behind the glass

Without di, belakang kaca sounds like a noun phrase (the back of the glass) rather than a location phrase (behind the glass).
So you need di to indicate location.


Does this sentence mean I see or I saw? Where is the tense?

Malay verbs do not change form for tense. melihat is the same for:

  • I see
  • I am seeing
  • I saw
  • I will see

The tense is understood from context or from time words:

  • Tadi saya melihat… = I saw earlier / just now
  • Sekarang saya melihat… = I am seeing now
  • Esok saya akan melihat… = I will see tomorrow

Without extra words, Saya melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca can be translated based on context as I saw / I see / I am seeing a yellow bird behind the glass.


How would I specifically say I am seeing / I am looking at a yellow bird right now?

To emphasize an ongoing action, Malay often uses sedang:

  • Saya sedang melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca.
    = I am (currently) seeing / looking at a yellow bird behind the glass.

sedang marks the progressive aspect (ongoing action).


How do I say the yellow bird instead of just a yellow bird?

You can add itu to make it more definite, like that / the:

  • burung kuning itu = that yellow bird / the yellow bird

So:

  • Saya melihat burung kuning itu di belakang kaca.
    = I see/saw the yellow bird behind the glass.

Malay doesn’t have a direct the / a system like English, so itu and context are used instead.


Is kaca the same as window?

Not exactly.

  • kaca = glass (material), or a pane of glass
  • tingkap / jendela = window (the whole structure)

So:

  • di belakang kaca = behind the glass (behind a pane/sheet of glass)
  • di belakang tingkap = behind the window

In many real-life contexts, behind the glass will naturally be a window, a display case, an aquarium, etc.


Can I use nampak or tengok instead of melihat? Do they mean the same thing?

They overlap, but there are nuances:

  • melihat – neutral to see, often slightly more formal / standard.
  • nampakto see / notice / catch sight of, more colloquial.
  • tengokto look at / watch, often more intentional (like watching TV, looking at something).

Examples:

  • Saya melihat burung kuning… – I see/saw a yellow bird.
  • Saya nampak burung kuning… – I happened to see / noticed a yellow bird.
  • Saya tengok burung kuning… – I am looking at a yellow bird.

All three are possible in casual speech, but melihat is the standard textbook choice.


If I want to clearly say one yellow bird, how do I do that?

Use the classifier ekor for animals:

  • seekor burung kuning = one yellow bird
    • se- = one
    • ekor = classifier for animals

So:

  • Saya melihat seekor burung kuning di belakang kaca.
    = I see/saw one yellow bird behind the glass.

For more than one:

  • dua ekor burung kuning = two yellow birds
  • tiga ekor burung kuning = three yellow birds

Is Saya always the best choice, or can I say Aku melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca?

You can say:

  • Aku melihat burung kuning di belakang kaca.

It’s grammatically correct.
However, aku is more informal/intimate. Use aku:

  • with close friends
  • with family (depending on local norms)
  • in songs, poems, diaries, etc.

Use Saya:

  • in formal situations
  • with strangers
  • at work, in class, in writing (unless it’s very casual)

So for neutral examples and with people you don’t know well, Saya is safer.