Breakdown of Saya hampir terjatuh ketika feri bergoyang, tetapi sepupu saya mengiringi saya ke tempat duduk.
saya
I
ke
to
ketika
when
tetapi
but
saya
me
hampir
almost
tempat duduk
the seat
sepupu
the cousin
feri
the ferry
terjatuh
to fall
bergoyang
to rock
mengiringi
to accompany
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Questions & Answers about Saya hampir terjatuh ketika feri bergoyang, tetapi sepupu saya mengiringi saya ke tempat duduk.
What does hampir mean in this sentence and why is it placed before terjatuh?
hampir means “almost.” In Malay, hampir is an adverb that normally precedes the verb or adjective it modifies:
- hampir terjatuh = “almost fell”
- (You can also say hampir selesai “almost finished,” hampir besar “almost big.”)
What is the function of the prefix ter- in terjatuh, and how does terjatuh differ from jatuh?
The prefix ter- often marks an involuntary or accidental action or the resultant state:
- jatuh = “to fall” (neutral action)
- terjatuh = “to accidentally fall” or “to end up falling”
In our sentence, hampir terjatuh emphasizes that the fall would have been unintentional.
What role does ketika play in this sentence?
ketika functions like “when” or “while.” It introduces a time clause:
- ketika feri bergoyang = “when the ferry was rocking.”
You can also use waktu or saat for a similar meaning, but ketika is more formal.
Why does feri take the ber- prefix in feri bergoyang, and what does bergoyang mean?
The prefix ber- forms an intransitive verb indicating a state or process:
- goyang = “shake” (root)
- bergoyang = “to shake,” “to sway,” or “to rock”
Thus feri bergoyang = “the ferry rocked/swayed.”
What does sepupu mean and does it specify gender?
sepupu means “cousin” and is gender-neutral. To specify gender, you can add:
- sepupu lelaki = “male cousin”
- sepupu perempuan = “female cousin”
What is the meaning of mengiringi, and how does the meN- prefix affect the verb?
mengiringi means “to accompany” or “to escort.” The meN- prefix:
- Marks an active transitive verb
- Changes form to meng- before vowel roots (iring → mengiringi)
Since it’s transitive, it must take an object: mengiringi saya = “escort me.”
Why is ke used before tempat duduk instead of di, and what does ke indicate here?
- ke indicates direction or movement toward somewhere: ke tempat duduk = “to the seat.”
- di indicates static location: di tempat duduk = “at the seat.”
Because the cousin moves the speaker, ke is correct.
Why does saya appear twice, and is it necessary?
The two saya serve different grammatical roles:
- Subject of the first clause: Saya hampir terjatuh (“I almost fell”)
- Object of the second clause: sepupu saya mengiringi saya (“my cousin escorted me”)
The second saya (object) is mandatory because mengiringi is transitive and requires an object.