Pemasang pin diperlukan untuk boling sepuluh pin.

It literally means pin setter / pin installer.

• pasang = to put in place, set up, install
• pemasang = a thing or person that sets/installs
• pin = pin

So pemasang pin is a natural way to express the idea of a pinsetter.

It can be understood either way from context, but pemasang often sounds more like a person whose job is to set/install something.

So in bowling:

• if you mean the general idea of a pinsetter, this works
• if you want to make it clearly a machine, mesin pemasang pin would be more explicit

In many real situations, context is enough to tell you which one is meant.

Diperlukan means is needed or is required.

It comes from perlu, which is related to the idea of need/necessary.
A very common verb is memerlukan = to need / to require.
The passive form is diperlukan = to be needed / to be required.

So:

• memerlukan = needs, requires
• diperlukan = is needed, is required

Malay often uses the passive when the speaker wants to focus on the thing affected rather than on who is doing the needing.

So:

• Pemasang pin diperlukan... = Pinsetters are needed...

The focus is on pemasang pin.

An active version would be:

• Boling sepuluh pin memerlukan pemasang pin.
  = Ten-pin bowling requires pinsetters.

Both are possible, but the given sentence highlights the pinsetter(s).

Malay does not normally use articles like a or the, and it usually does not mark plurals the way English does.

That means pemasang pin can mean:

• a pinsetter
• the pinsetter
• pinsetters

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, the meaning is general, so English often translates it as pinsetters are needed or a pinsetter is needed, depending on the situation.

Untuk means for.

Here it connects the idea of being needed to the activity:

• diperlukan untuk boling sepuluh pin
  = needed for ten-pin bowling

So untuk shows what something is needed for.

This is the Malay way of expressing ten-pin bowling.

• boling = bowling
• sepuluh pin = ten-pin / ten pins

Malay usually puts the main noun first and then adds words after it to describe the type. So boling sepuluh pin is a normal Malay-style order for this kind of expression.

Yes, literally it does.

• sepuluh = ten
• pin = pin

But in this phrase, it functions as the name of the sport type: ten-pin. So although the literal meaning is ten pins, the whole phrase boling sepuluh pin means ten-pin bowling.

Because Malay often adapts English loanwords to Malay spelling.

So:

• English bowling
• Malay boling

The meaning is the same, but the spelling is adjusted to fit Malay spelling patterns.

Because Malay nouns usually stay the same whether they are singular or plural.

So pin can mean:

• pin
• pins

The context tells you which one is meant.

In sepuluh pin, the number sepuluh already makes it clear that more than one pin is meant. In pemasang pin, pin is simply part of the compound noun.

Yes. A natural active version is:

• Boling sepuluh pin memerlukan pemasang pin.

That means Ten-pin bowling requires pinsetters.

The difference is mostly about focus:

• Pemasang pin diperlukan... = focuses on the pinsetters
• Boling sepuluh pin memerlukan... = focuses on the sport and what it requires