Berdasarkan laporan kejadian, pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku semalam.

Berdasarkan means based on or according to, depending on context.

In this sentence, Berdasarkan laporan kejadian means According to the incident report or Based on the incident report.

A useful thing to notice is that berdasarkan often introduces the source or basis for a statement:

• Berdasarkan data ini... = Based on this data...
• Berdasarkan laporan polis... = According to the police report...

So here it sets up the information source before the main statement.

Malay often puts nouns together in a head + modifier pattern.

• laporan = report
• kejadian = incident / event

So laporan kejadian literally looks like report incident, but in natural English we reverse it to incident report.

This is very common in Malay:

• rumah sakit (in Indonesian; not standard Malay) type structures aside, in Malay standard:
• kad kredit = credit card
• jalan raya = main road / highway
• keselamatan negara = national security

In many noun phrases, the main noun comes first, and the describing noun comes after it.

Kejadian usually means incident, occurrence, or event, depending on context.

In laporan kejadian, it refers to some specific event that happened and was reported. In security or official contexts, kejadian often sounds like incident.

Related words:

• jadi = to become / happen
• kejadian = an occurrence, incident, event

So kejadian is a noun formed from the root jadi.

Word by word:

• pelanggaran = violation / breach / infringement
• keselamatan = safety / security

Together, pelanggaran keselamatan means security violation or security breach.

A learner should know that keselamatan can mean either safety or security, depending on context. In this sentence, because it is about an incident report, security is the more natural translation.

Malay does not normally use articles like a, an, or the.

So:

• pelanggaran keselamatan could mean a security violation
• or the security violation
• or just security violation in a general sense

The exact meaning depends on context.

This is very normal in Malay. For example:

• Saya beli buku. = I bought a book / the book / books, depending on context.
• Kucing itu tidur. = The cat is sleeping.
  Here itu helps make it more definite.

In your sentence, English needs an article, but Malay does not.

Berlaku means to happen, to occur, or to take place.

So:

• pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku semalam = a security violation occurred yesterday

Berlaku is a common, neutral, fairly formal verb for events happening.

It is similar to terjadi, which also means happen/occur. In many contexts they overlap, but berlaku is very common in reports, news, and formal statements.

For example:

• Kemalangan itu berlaku pada waktu malam. = The accident happened at night.
• Apa yang berlaku? = What happened?

So in this sentence, berlaku fits the official, report-like tone well.

Here, berlaku is best understood as an intransitive verb. It describes an event happening by itself and does not take a direct object.

For example:

• Kejadian itu berlaku semalam. = The incident happened yesterday.

You do not say:

• berlaku sesuatu in the sense of taking a direct object the way English cause might

So in this sentence, pelanggaran keselamatan is the thing that happened, not the object of the verb.

Semalam means yesterday, and time expressions often come near the end of a Malay sentence.

So:

• Pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku semalam. = The security violation occurred yesterday.

This is very natural Malay word order.

You can also move time expressions for emphasis:

• Semalam, pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku.

That is possible, but the original version sounds very normal and neutral.

Yes, to some extent.

Original:

• Berdasarkan laporan kejadian, pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku semalam.

Possible variations:

• Pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku semalam berdasarkan laporan kejadian.
• Semalam, pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku, berdasarkan laporan kejadian.

However, the original sentence is especially natural because it starts with the source of information, which is common in formal writing. It immediately tells the reader that the statement is based on a report.

So while other word orders may be grammatical, the original has a clear, formal flow:

1. source of information
2. main event
3. time

The comma separates the introductory phrase from the main clause.

• Berdasarkan laporan kejadian, = introductory phrase
• pelanggaran keselamatan berlaku semalam. = main clause

This is similar to English:

• According to the incident report, a security violation occurred yesterday.

In Malay, commas are often used this way in formal writing to make the sentence easier to read.

Yes. Keselamatan can mean both safety and security.

Which translation is best depends on context:

• In cybersecurity, restricted access, guards, or confidential data, it likely means security
• In workplace rules, dangerous conditions, or protective procedures, it might mean safety

So pelanggaran keselamatan can mean either security breach/violation or safety violation. If the provided meaning says security violation, then that is the intended reading here.

It sounds formal or at least official/neutral-formal.

Reasons:

• Berdasarkan is common in reports and formal explanations
• pelanggaran keselamatan is technical/official vocabulary
• berlaku is a common choice in news and written reports

A casual spoken version might use simpler wording, depending on context. But this sentence sounds like something from:

• a report
• a news article
• an official summary
• a workplace incident record

A very literal breakdown would be:

• Berdasarkan = based on / according to
• laporan kejadian = incident report
• pelanggaran keselamatan = security violation / security breach
• berlaku = happened / occurred
• semalam = yesterday

So the literal order is roughly:

Based on the incident report, security violation occurred yesterday.

Natural English adds an article:

Based on the incident report, a security violation occurred yesterday.

That difference is normal because English requires articles much more often than Malay does.