Tunas baharu tumbuh pada batang.

In Malay, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

• tunas baharu = new shoot(s)
• literally: shoot new

This is the normal pattern in Malay:

• rumah besar = big house
• bunga merah = red flower
• daun muda = young leaf

So tunas baharu is completely natural word order.

Both mean new, but baharu is usually more formal or literary, while baru is more common in everyday speech.

So both of these are possible:

• Tunas baharu tumbuh pada batang.
• Tunas baru tumbuh pada batang.

In normal conversation, many speakers would prefer baru.
In writing, educational materials, or more formal contexts, baharu may appear.

It can mean one shoot or multiple shoots, depending on context.

Malay nouns usually do not change form for singular vs plural the way English nouns do. So:

• tunas = shoot / shoots

If the speaker wants to make plurality very clear, Malay can use:

• tunas-tunas = shoots
• a number, such as dua tunas = two shoots
• context

So in this sentence, tunas baharu could mean a new shoot or new shoots, depending on the situation.

Here, batang means the stem or trunk of a plant.

The exact English translation depends on the kind of plant:

• for a tree, batang may be trunk
• for a smaller plant, it may be stem

A useful thing to know is that batang has other meanings too in different contexts, such as a rod, stick, or even a classifier for long objects. But in this sentence, it clearly refers to the plant’s main stem/trunk.

Pada often means on, at, or on the surface/part of something, especially in slightly more formal or careful language.

So:

• pada batang = on the stem / on the trunk

You may also hear di batang in some contexts, and it can sound natural too, especially in less formal usage. But pada is often chosen when referring to something located on a part of an object rather than simply being in a place.

Very roughly:

• di often points to a general location
• pada often points to a position on/at a thing or part

In this sentence, pada batang sounds neat and natural.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Tumbuh is used for things like:

• plants growing
• shoots sprouting
• hair growing
• something appearing naturally from a surface

So in this sentence, English could translate it as:

• grow
• sprout
• are growing
• are sprouting

Because the meaning has already been shown to the learner, the key point is that tumbuh is a very common verb for natural growth or emergence.

Malay verbs usually do not change form for tense the way English verbs do.

So tumbuh by itself does not tell you whether the action is:

• present
• past
• ongoing
• habitual

The time is normally understood from:

• context
• time words
• the situation

For example:

• Tunas baharu tumbuh pada batang. = New shoots grow / are growing on the stem.
• Semalam, tunas baharu tumbuh pada batang. = Yesterday, new shoots grew on the stem.
• Sedang tumbuh would make the ongoing sense clearer.

So the basic sentence is tenseless unless context adds time.

Yes, it is a complete and normal Malay sentence.

Malay does not usually use articles like English a, an, and the. That means a noun can often be understood in a general way unless context makes it specific.

So:

• tunas can mean a shoot, the shoot, or shoots
• batang can mean a stem, the stem, or the trunk

English requires articles much more often than Malay does.
Malay relies more on context.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

• Tunas → TOO-nahs
• baharu → bah-HA-roo
• tumbuh → TOOM-boh
• pada → PAH-dah
• batang → bah-TAHNG

A few pronunciation notes:

• u is usually like oo in food
• a is usually like a in father
• ng in batang is like the ng in sing
• h is pronounced

So the full sentence is approximately:

TOO-nahs bah-HA-roo TOOM-boh PAH-dah bah-TAHNG

Yes, you may hear that, and it can be understandable and natural in some contexts.

However, pada batang is often preferred when the meaning is specifically on the stem/trunk as part of the plant structure. It can sound slightly more precise.

So:

• pada batang = on the stem/trunk
• di batang = at/on the stem/trunk, but a bit more location-focused

Both are possible, but the original version is a good model sentence.

Malay usually relies on word order rather than special endings or case markers.

In this sentence:

• Tunas baharu = subject
• tumbuh = verb
• pada batang = prepositional phrase

So the structure is:

• Subject + Verb + Prepositional phrase

Because the order is clear, no extra subject marker is needed.

Sometimes yes, depending on context.

Tunas refers to early plant growth such as:

• bud
• shoot
• sprout

The best English word depends on what the plant looks like and what stage of growth is being described. In many learning examples, shoots or sprouts is a very natural translation.

So if you saw this in a botany context, buds might also be possible, but shoots is often the safest general choice here.