Medicus renem curat.

Because medicus is in the nominative singular, the case normally used for the subject of the sentence.

• medicus = doctor / physician
• nominative singular ending: -us

So medicus is the one doing the action.

Because renem is the accusative singular form, which marks the direct object of the verb.

The basic dictionary entry is:

• rēn, rēnis = kidney

This noun belongs to the third declension, and its accusative singular form is renem.

So:

• rēn = the base form you see in dictionaries
• renem = kidney as the thing being treated

Curat is a verb meaning treats, cares for, or looks after, depending on context.

Its form tells you several things at once:

• present tense = is treating / treats
• active voice = the subject is doing the action
• third person singular = he/she/it treats

It comes from the dictionary form:

• cūrō, cūrāre = to care for, treat

The ending -t is the normal marker for he/she/it in the present tense.

Because Latin usually does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So medicus can mean:

• the doctor
• a doctor

And renem can mean:

• the kidney
• a kidney

You decide which English translation fits best from the context.

Because the verb ending already includes that information.

In curat, the ending -t tells you the verb is third person singular, so the sentence already means:

• he treats
• she treats
• it treats

That is why Latin often leaves out subject pronouns unless they are needed for emphasis or clarity.

Yes. Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings show each word’s job in the sentence.

So all of these could mean essentially the same thing:

• Medicus renem curat.
• Renem medicus curat.
• Curat medicus renem.

The most neutral order here is fine as written, but changing the order can shift emphasis.

For example:

• Renem medicus curat may emphasize the kidney
• Curat medicus renem may emphasize the action

Because of its accusative singular ending -em.

In Latin, the direct object is usually put in the accusative case. Since renem is accusative, it tells you what the doctor is treating.

So the structure is:

• medicus = subject
• renem = direct object
• curat = verb

They are:

• medicus, medicī = doctor, physician
• rēn, rēnis = kidney
• cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum = care for, treat

Latin dictionaries usually list nouns with:

• the nominative singular
• the genitive singular

and verbs with their principal parts.

Those dictionary forms help you identify declension and conjugation patterns.

In classical Latin, medicus is a masculine noun, so grammatically it refers to a male doctor unless context suggests otherwise.

A female doctor would normally be:

• medica

So if the sentence is specifically about a man, medicus fits directly. If you are just learning the grammar, the key point is that medicus is a masculine second-declension noun in the nominative singular.

Yes. The verb cūrō has a range of meanings, including:

• care for
• take care of
• attend to
• treat

In a medical sentence like this one, treats is the most natural translation. But in other contexts, curat could mean something more like looks after or takes care of.

A simple classroom pronunciation would be something like:

• MEH-di-koos REH-nem KOO-rat

If you want a more classical-style pronunciation:

• meh-di-koos REH-nem KOO-raht

A few helpful points:

• c is always hard, like k
• u sounds like oo
• e is usually like e in met
• v in classical pronunciation sounds like w, though there is no v here

Latin often places the verb near the end of the sentence, especially in straightforward prose. That is a very common Latin pattern:

• subject + object + verb

So Medicus renem curat is a very typical Latin sentence structure, even though English usually prefers:

• The doctor treats the kidney

Latin can vary the order, but putting the verb last is very common.