Amicus meus factionem eligit.

In Latin, adjectives can come either before or after the noun, and possessive adjectives like meus often come after it.

So:

• amicus meus = my friend
• literally, word-for-word, friend my

This is completely normal Latin. You may also see meus amicus, but amicus meus is very common.

What matters most is that amicus and meus match in:

• gender: masculine
• number: singular
• case: nominative

That agreement shows that they belong together.

You know it from the endings.

• amicus is nominative singular
• the nominative case is commonly used for the subject

Also, the verb eligit means he/she/it chooses, so it needs a singular subject.
Amicus meus fits perfectly: my friend chooses.

So the sentence breaks down like this:

• amicus meus = subject
• factionem = direct object
• eligit = verb

Because it is in the accusative singular.

The accusative case is commonly used for the direct object of a verb. Since the friend is choosing the faction, factionem is the thing being chosen, so it must be accusative.

The dictionary form is:

• factio = nominative singular, faction
• factionem = accusative singular, faction as a direct object

This is a very common pattern for many third-declension nouns:

• nominative singular: often varies
• accusative singular: often ends in -em

Eligit is:

• third person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

It comes from the verb eligere, meaning to choose or to pick out.

So eligit means:

• he chooses
• she chooses
• it chooses

In this sentence, since the subject is amicus meus, we translate it as my friend chooses.

A few related forms are:

• eligo = I choose
• eligis = you choose
• eligit = he/she/it chooses
• eligimus = we choose
• eligitis = you all choose
• eligunt = they choose

Yes. Latin word order is much freer than English word order because the endings show each word’s role.

So all of these could mean essentially the same thing:

• Amicus meus factionem eligit
• Factionem amicus meus eligit
• Eligit amicus meus factionem

The most neutral English translation would still be My friend chooses a faction or My friend chooses the faction, depending on context.

Even though the core meaning stays the same, changing the order can shift emphasis:

• putting factionem first may emphasize what is being chosen
• putting eligit first may emphasize the action

Because Latin often places the verb near or at the end of the sentence. This is a very common pattern, though not a strict rule.

So:

• Amicus meus factionem eligit

feels very natural in Latin.

English usually prefers subject + verb + object, but Latin often prefers subject + object + verb.

That said, Latin authors do vary word order for style, emphasis, and rhythm.

Latin has no articles like English a, an, or the.

So amicus can mean:

• a friend
• the friend
• simply friend, depending on context

And factionem can mean:

• a faction
• the faction

The exact choice in English depends on the context, not on a special Latin word.

So Amicus meus factionem eligit could be translated as:

• My friend chooses a faction
• My friend chooses the faction

Both are possible unless the larger context makes one clearer.

The dictionary forms are:

• amicus — amicus, amici = friend
• meus — meus, mea, meum = my
• factio — factio, factionis = faction, group, party
• eligo — eligo, eligere, elegi, electum = choose, select

These dictionary forms help you identify declensions and conjugations.

For example:

• amicus, amici tells you it is a second-declension noun
• factio, factionis tells you it is a third-declension noun
• eligo, eligere... tells you the verb’s principal parts

Not always exactly.

Latin factio can mean a group, party, faction, or sometimes a side in a competition or conflict. In some contexts it can be political; in others it may be more general.

So depending on context, factionem eligit might be understood as:

• chooses a faction
• chooses a side
• chooses a party

A learner should remember that Latin words often overlap with English words but do not always match them perfectly in every context.

Because it has to agree with amicus.

Since amicus is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

the possessive adjective must also be:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

That gives meus.

Compare:

• amicus meus = my friend
• amicum meum = my friend as a direct object
• amici mei = my friends or of my friend, depending on context
• amica mea = my female friend

So the form changes to match the noun.

In Classical Latin, a reasonable pronunciation would be:

• Amicus = AH-mee-koos
• meus = MEH-oos or roughly MEH-us in careful speech
• factionem = fak-tee-OH-nem
• eligit = EH-lih-git

A rough full pronunciation:

AH-mee-koos MEH-oos fak-tee-OH-nem EH-lih-git

A few pronunciation notes:

• c is always hard, like k
• ti before a vowel is usually pronounced tee, not like English sh
• g is always hard, as in go
• stress in amicus falls on the first syllable: AMicus
• stress in factionem falls on o: factiONem
• stress in eligit falls on the first syllable: ELigit

Yes. Latin often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending already tells you the person and number.

For example:

• eligit by itself means he/she/it chooses

But if you want to say specifically my friend chooses, then you include amicus meus.

So Latin can be more compact than English:

• eligit = he/she chooses
• amicus meus eligit = my friend chooses

In your sentence, the subject is stated explicitly for clarity or emphasis.