Sponsus tunicam novam gerit, sponsa autem coronam albam capit.

They are all in the accusative singular feminine.

In this sentence:

• tunicam is the direct object of gerit
• coronam is the direct object of capit
• novam describes tunicam
• albam describes coronam

Since tunica and corona are feminine singular nouns, their adjectives must match them in gender, number, and case. So:

• tunica nova = a new tunic
• tunicam novam = a new tunic (as a direct object)

and

• corona alba = a white crown/garland
• coronam albam = a white crown/garland (as a direct object)

They are in the nominative singular, which is the case normally used for the subject of a sentence.

Here:

• sponsus = the groom / bridegroom
• sponsa = the bride

Each one is the subject of its own verb:

• Sponsus ... gerit = The groom wears ...
• sponsa ... capit = the bride takes/puts on ...

Latin often shows a word’s role by its ending, not by word order alone.

Because Latin adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• tunicam novam: both are feminine, singular, accusative
• coronam albam: both are feminine, singular, accusative

This agreement tells you which adjective belongs to which noun, even if the word order changes.

They are both third person singular present active indicative verbs.

That means each one means he/she ...s in the present tense.

• gerit = he/she wears, carries, bears
• capit = he/she takes, seizes, receives, puts on (depending on context)

So:

• sponsus tunicam novam gerit = the groom wears a new tunic
• sponsa autem coronam albam capit = the bride, however/but, takes or puts on a white crown

Because autem is very often postpositive in Latin. That means it usually comes after the first word or phrase of its clause, even though in English we might translate it as but, however, or moreover at the beginning.

So:

• sponsa autem = the bride, however / but the bride

This is completely normal Latin word order.

They connect ideas in different ways:

• et = and
• sed = but, but rather, more directly contrasting
• autem = however, but, on the other hand

Autem often gives a softer contrast than sed. In this sentence, it sets the bride alongside the groom with a mild contrast:

• the groom does one thing,
• the bride, however, does another.

Latin often uses different verbs depending on the object and the nuance.

• gerere commonly means to wear clothing
• capere basically means to take, but in context it can mean to take up or put on

So the sentence gives slightly different actions:

• the groom wears a tunic
• the bride takes up / puts on a crown or garland

A learner may expect perfect symmetry, but Latin does not always use identical verbs where English might.

No. Latin has no articles like English the or a/an.

So:

• sponsus can mean the groom or a groom
• tunicam novam can mean a new tunic or the new tunic
• coronam albam can mean a white crown or the white crown

You decide from the context which English article makes the most sense.

No. Latin word order is relatively flexible because the endings show the grammar.

This sentence uses a very natural order:

• subject
• object + adjective
• verb

But Latin could rearrange the words for emphasis. For example, tunicam novam sponsus gerit would still mean the groom wears a new tunic.

What matters most is the endings:

• sponsus / sponsa = nominative subjects
• tunicam / coronam = accusative objects

Yes. They are masculine and feminine forms of the same basic idea:

• sponsus = groom, betrothed man
• sponsa = bride, betrothed woman

This is a common pattern in Latin:

• masculine often in -us
• feminine often in -a

So they form a natural pair.

• sponsus is a second-declension masculine noun
• sponsa, tunica, and corona are first-declension feminine nouns
• novus, nova, novum and albus, alba, album are first/second-declension adjectives

That is why you see forms like:

• nominative feminine singular: nova, alba
• accusative feminine singular: novam, albam

and

• nominative masculine singular: sponsus
• nominative feminine singular: sponsa

A simple classroom pronunciation would be:

• Sponsus = SPON-soos
• tunicam = too-NEE-kam
• novam = NO-wam or NO-vam
• gerit = GEH-rit or GAY-rit, depending on pronunciation system
• sponsa = SPON-sa
• autem = OW-tem
• coronam = ko-ROH-nam
• albam = AL-bam
• capit = KAH-pit

If you are learning restored classical pronunciation, c is always hard, like k, so capit is KAH-pit.