Homo veritatem amat.

Because homo is in the nominative case, which is the case typically used for the subject in Latin.

In Homo veritatem amat:

• homo = subject
• veritatem = direct object
• amat = verb

So homo is the one doing the action of loving.

Because veritatem is the accusative singular form of veritas.

Latin changes noun endings depending on their role in the sentence:

• veritas = nominative singular, truth as a subject
• veritatem = accusative singular, truth as a direct object

Since truth is what is being loved, Latin uses the accusative: veritatem.

Amat is the verb, and it means loves.

Its ending tells you several things at once:

• am- = the verb stem from amare = to love
• -a- = present tense marker
• -t = he/she/it does the action

So amat means he loves, she loves, or it loves.
In this sentence, since the subject is homo, it means the person/man loves.

Latin normally does not use articles like English does.

So homo can mean:

• the man
• a man
• the person
• a person

The exact choice depends on context.
Latin leaves that to the reader or listener more often than English does.

No, Latin word order is much freer than English word order because the endings show the grammatical roles.

So these can all mean basically the same thing:

• Homo veritatem amat.
• Veritatem homo amat.
• Amat homo veritatem.

The endings still show:

• homo = subject
• veritatem = object

However, changing the word order can change emphasis or style.
Homo veritatem amat is a straightforward, neutral order.

It can mean man in a general sense, but very often it means human being or person.

This is important because Latin has another word:

• homo = human being, person
• vir = an adult male man, especially in a specifically male sense

So a learner should not assume that homo always means male man in the narrow English sense.

You would usually look them up like this:

• homo, hominis = person, human being
• veritas, veritatis = truth
• amo, amare, amavi, amatum = to love

Latin dictionaries usually give nouns with the nominative and genitive forms, because that helps you identify the declension and stem.

For example:

• homo, hominis shows the stem homin-
• veritas, veritatis shows the stem veritat-

That helps explain forms like veritatem.

Both are third-declension nouns.

Their forms are:

• homo, hominis
• veritas, veritatis

That is why their endings may look less predictable to beginners than first- or second-declension nouns.

For example:

• nominative singular: homo
• accusative singular: hominem

and

• nominative singular: veritas
• accusative singular: veritatem

So veritatem follows a normal third-declension accusative singular pattern.

Yes, very often.

Because amat already means he/she/it loves, Latin can omit the subject if it is understood from context.

So:

• amat = he/she/it loves
• homo amat = the person/man loves

The noun homo is included here either because the speaker wants to state the subject clearly or because it is important in the context.

Because Latin, like English, can use a singular abstract noun for a general idea.

So veritatem here means truth as a concept, not necessarily one single factual statement.

Latin could use the plural veritates in some contexts, but that would usually mean truths in a more concrete or countable sense.
The singular is the natural form for an abstract idea like truth.

Amat is:

• present tense
• indicative mood
• active voice
• third person singular

So it means a simple statement of fact such as loves or is loving, depending on context.

In most beginner translations, the best English equivalent is simply loves.

Yes, it can be.

Since Latin has no article, Homo veritatem amat could be understood in more than one way depending on context:

• A man loves truth
• The man loves truth
• Man loves truth
• A person loves truth

In some contexts it may sound like a general statement about human beings; in others, it may refer to one particular person. Context decides which is best.