Post iudicium turba iam non clamat.

Because post is a preposition that takes the accusative when it means after.

So:

• post = after
• iudicium = judgment, trial, decision
• post iudicium = after the judgment

Here iudicium is the accusative singular form. Since iudicium is a neuter second-declension noun, its nominative and accusative singular look the same, but its function here is still accusative because post requires it.

Turba is nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

The verb is clamat = shouts / is shouting, which is third person singular, so the subject must also be singular:

• turba = the crowd
• clamat = shouts

Even though a crowd contains many people, Latin treats turba as a singular noun, just like English often does with the crowd shouts.

Because turba is grammatically singular.

Latin agrees the verb with the grammatical number of the noun, not with the number of people inside the group. So:

• turba clamat = the crowd shouts
• not turba clamant

This is very similar to English when we treat collective nouns as singular.

Iam non means no longer or not anymore.

The two words work together:

• iam = now, already, by now
• non = not

But together in this kind of sentence, iam non is best understood as no longer.

So turba iam non clamat means that the crowd used to be shouting, but now that is no longer happening.

Yes. In most ordinary Latin, iam non is the usual way to say no longer.

• iam non clamat = he/she/it no longer shouts

Non iam is much less common and usually feels more marked or rhetorical. For a learner, it is safest to recognize and use iam non for no longer.

Clamat is present indicative active, third person singular, from clamare.

Its basic sense is:

• he/she/it shouts
• he/she/it is shouting
• he/she/it does shout

In this sentence, with iam non, the natural English sense is:

• the crowd is no longer shouting or
• the crowd no longer shouts

So although the verb is present tense, English may translate it in a slightly different way depending on context.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because endings show the grammatical relationships.

So Latin can put Post iudicium first to set the scene:

• After the judgment, the crowd no longer shouts.

Starting with the time phrase is very natural. It tells you the context first, then gives the main statement.

A more English-like order would be possible in Latin too, such as:

• Turba post iudicium iam non clamat

But the original order is perfectly normal.

Yes. Post can also be an adverb, meaning afterward or later.

For example:

• post venit = he comes later / afterward

But in Post iudicium, it is clearly a preposition because it is followed by a noun phrase.

So here:

• post
  • iudicium = after the judgment

You would look them up like this:

• post — preposition meaning after
• iudicium, iudicii n. — judgment, trial, decision
• turba, turbae f. — crowd, mob
• iam — now, already; in iam non, no longer
• non — not
• clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatus — shout, cry out

This is useful because the forms in the sentence are not always the same as the dictionary entry. For example, clamat comes from clamo, and iudicium belongs to the noun iudicium, iudicii.

It depends on context. Iudicium can mean several related things, including:

• judgment
• trial
• court decision
• legal proceedings

In this sentence, any of those may work depending on the broader passage. Grammatically, nothing changes; the exact English choice depends on what kind of situation the Latin is describing.