Ciniflo cincinnum calamistro facit.

Because ciniflo is a noun whose nominative singular really is ciniflo. Not every Latin subject ends in -us or -a.

Here the sentence breaks down like this:

• ciniflo = the subject, the hairdresser / curling stylist
• cincinnum = the direct object, a curl
• calamistro = with a curling iron
• facit = makes

A learner might expect -o to be dative or ablative, and often it is. But some nouns, especially third-declension ones, have nominatives that look unusual to an English speaker. So you have to identify the word from its dictionary form, not just from what ending you expect.

Cincinnum is accusative singular.

We know this because:

• it is the thing being made by the verb facit
• the accusative is the normal case for a direct object
• the noun is cincinnus, so its accusative singular is cincinnum

So in this sentence, cincinnum answers the question What does the hairdresser make?
Answer: a curl.

Calamistro is ablative singular.

Here it is an ablative of means/instrument, which tells you the tool used to do something. So:

• calamistro = with a curling iron

This is very common in Latin. An inanimate instrument is often put in the ablative without a preposition.

So the sentence literally means something like:

• The hairdresser makes a curl with a curling iron.

Because Latin often uses the ablative alone to express means or instrument.

In English, we usually say with a curling iron. Latin often just says the noun in the ablative:

• gladio pugnat = he fights with a sword
• calamistro facit = he makes it with a curling iron

If the thing is a tool or means, Latin very often does not need cum.

Yes, facit literally means makes or does. It is the 3rd person singular present active indicative of facio.

In this sentence, makes means forms/creates a curl. So depending on how natural you want the English to sound, you might understand it as:

• makes a curl
• forms a curl
• curls the hair

But grammatically, the Latin verb is simply facit = makes.

Because Classical Latin has no articles like English a/an and the.

So:

• ciniflo can mean a hairdresser or the hairdresser
• cincinnum can mean a curl or the curl
• calamistro can mean with a curling iron or with the curling iron

You decide from context which English article sounds best.

The word order is meaningful, but Latin relies more on case endings than English does.

In this sentence:

• Ciniflo = subject
• cincinnum = object
• calamistro = instrument
• facit = verb

Because the endings show the roles, Latin could rearrange the words more freely than English. For example, the basic meaning would still be the same if the words were ordered differently.

That said, the given order is perfectly normal and clear. Also, placing facit at the end is very common in Latin prose.

They are not all from the same declension:

• ciniflo is a third-declension noun
• cincinnus is a second-declension masculine noun
• calamistrum is a second-declension neuter noun

That is why their forms look different:

• ciniflo = nominative singular
• cincinnum = accusative singular
• calamistro = ablative singular

A common beginner mistake is to assume every noun ending in -o must belong to the second declension, but ciniflo does not.

Because facit is third person singular.

Its ending -t tells you the subject is he/she/it or a singular noun. Since ciniflo is one person, the agreement works perfectly:

• ciniflo ... facit = the hairdresser makes

If the subject were plural, you would expect faciunt instead.

Yes. That is exactly the same grammatical idea.

The ablative of means can be translated in several natural English ways, such as:

• with a curling iron
• by means of a curling iron
• using a curling iron

In ordinary English, with a curling iron is usually the most natural.

A very literal breakdown is:

• Ciniflo = the hairdresser
• cincinnum = a curl
• calamistro = with a curling iron
• facit = makes

So the sentence is:

The hairdresser makes a curl with a curling iron.

That literal understanding helps you see the grammar clearly, even if a smoother English translation might use a verb like curls instead of makes.