Capulator oleum e conca trulla tollit.

Because capulator is in the nominative singular, the case normally used for the subject.

In this sentence:

• capulator = subject
• oleum = direct object
• e conca = from the bowl/basin
• trulla = with the ladle
• tollit = verb

An English speaker often expects the first noun to be the subject because of word order, but in Latin the case ending is the more important clue.

Because it is the direct object of tollit.

The verb tollere can mean to lift, take up, or remove, and the thing being taken is put in the accusative case. So:

• oleum = oil as the thing being taken

This is similar to English he takes the oil: the oil is what the action is done to.

Because the sentence means out of / from the bowl, and Latin often expresses that idea with e or ex plus the ablative.

So:

• e = out of, from
• conca = ablative singular of conca

Together, e conca means from the bowl or out of the bowl.

Conca is ablative singular.

A learner may notice that the dictionary form would be concha/conca depending on spelling tradition, and here the form conca shows the ablative singular ending for a first-declension noun.

It is ablative because it follows the preposition e, which takes the ablative.

Because it is an ablative of means/instrument.

Latin often uses the ablative by itself to show the tool or instrument used to do something. In English we usually need with:

• trulla = with a ladle

So the sentence does not need a separate word for with here. The case ending already does that job.

You know it from both case and sense.

Grammatically, trulla is in the ablative singular, which can express means/instrument. Semantically, a ladle is a natural tool for taking oil out of a bowl.

So in context, trulla tollit is understood as takes it with a ladle, not as a second object.

Tollit is third person singular, present tense, active voice, indicative mood of tollere.

That means it translates as:

• he/she/it takes up
• he/she/it lifts
• sometimes he/she/it removes

Because the subject is singular (capulator), the verb is singular too.

Because Latin word order is much freer than English word order.

Placing the verb at the end is very common in Latin, especially in simple prose. English usually prefers Subject–Verb–Object, but Latin often prefers something more like:

• subject
• object and other phrases
• verb

So Capulator oleum e conca trulla tollit is perfectly normal Latin word order.

Yes, to a large extent.

Because the endings show the grammatical roles, Latin can move words around more freely than English. For example, these would still keep essentially the same basic meaning:

• Capulator trulla oleum e conca tollit
• Oleum capulator e conca trulla tollit
• E conca capulator oleum trulla tollit

However, changing the order can change emphasis or style, even if the core meaning stays the same.

Because classical Latin has no articles.

So a noun like capulator can mean:

• the capulator
• a capulator

and oleum can mean:

• the oil
• sometimes just oil

You decide from context which English article sounds best.

Both e and ex mean out of / from.

In practice:

• ex is used before many sounds
• e is often used before consonants

Since conca begins with a consonant, e conca is the expected form here.

A learner should remember that e and ex are just two forms of the same preposition.

They are both ablative, but they do different jobs.

• e conca: ablative after a preposition (e) showing source/separation → from the bowl
• trulla: bare ablative showing means/instrument → with a ladle

So the same case can express different ideas, depending on whether there is a preposition and on the context.

Because trulla is not an adjective; it is a noun used independently in the ablative.

A beginner might wonder whether it somehow modifies oleum or conca, but it does not. It stands on its own as the instrument of the action:

• trulla = with a ladle

So there is no agreement relationship to look for here.