Agricola agrum colit.

Because agricola is in the nominative singular, the case typically used for the subject of the sentence.

A Latin learner might expect a word ending in -a to be feminine, but agricola is a masculine noun of the first declension. Some first-declension nouns referring to male professions or roles are masculine, and agricola (farmer) is one of them.

So in Agricola agrum colit, agricola means the farmer and is the one doing the action.

Because agrum is the accusative singular form of ager.

• ager = the field, when it is the subject or dictionary form
• agrum = the field, when it is the direct object

In this sentence, the field is receiving the action of the verb colit (cultivates), so Latin uses the accusative:

• Agricola agrum colit = The farmer cultivates the field

This is one of the most important features of Latin: the ending shows the word’s job in the sentence.

The two nouns are in different cases:

• agricola — nominative singular
• agrum — accusative singular

Their functions are:

• nominative = subject
• accusative = direct object

So:

• Agricola = the subject, the farmer
• agrum = the object, the field

Colit is a verb form meaning he/she/it cultivates, tills, or cares for.

It comes from the verb colere, which can have several related meanings depending on context, such as:

• to cultivate
• to till
• to inhabit
• to care for
• to worship

In this sentence, with agrum (field), the natural meaning is cultivates or tills.

Colit is:

• third person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

That means it translates as he/she/it cultivates or sometimes is cultivating, depending on context.

Because the subject is agricola (farmer), we understand it as:

• the farmer cultivates

Latin usually does not have a word for the or a/an.

So agricola can mean:

• farmer
• a farmer
• the farmer

And agrum can mean:

• field
• a field
• the field

The exact English translation depends on context. In a simple teaching sentence, The farmer cultivates the field is the most natural translation.

Yes, but not in the same way as in English.

In English, word order is very important:

• The farmer cultivates the field is different from
• The field cultivates the farmer

In Latin, the endings do most of that work. Because agricola is nominative and agrum is accusative, their roles stay clear even if the order changes.

So all of these can mean the same basic thing:

• Agricola agrum colit
• Agrum agricola colit
• Colit agricola agrum

However, different word orders can give different emphasis. The version Agricola agrum colit is a straightforward, neutral order.

The ending -it tells you it is third person singular.

Very roughly:

• colo = I cultivate
• colis = you cultivate
• colit = he/she/it cultivates
• colimus = we cultivate
• colitis = you all cultivate
• colunt = they cultivate

Since agricola is singular, colit matches it correctly.

Yes. Agricola is built from elements related to land or fields and cultivation, and it is closely connected to the same Latin roots behind English words like:

• agriculture
• agrarian
• cultivate
• culture (historically related through colere)

Seeing these connections can make Latin vocabulary easier to remember.

A simple classroom pronunciation would be:

ah-GRIH-ko-lah AH-grum KOH-lit

If you want a more classically oriented pronunciation:

• agricola = ah-GREE-ko-la
• agrum = AH-grum
• colit = KOH-lit

Stress:

• agrícola
• ágrum
• cólit

The exact pronunciation system may vary depending on whether your course uses Classical or Ecclesiastical Latin.

That is a very common Latin pattern: subject - object - verb.

Latin often places the verb at the end, especially in simple textbook sentences. So:

• Agricola = subject
• agrum = object
• colit = verb

This is not a strict rule, but it is common enough that beginners should get used to seeing it.

It is entirely singular:

• agricola = one farmer
• agrum = one field
• colit = he/she/it cultivates

If it were plural, the forms would change. For example:

• Agricolae agros colunt = The farmers cultivate the fields

That contrast helps show how important endings are in Latin.