Apiarius fumum parat, quippe qui apes quietas faciat.

Apiarius is nominative singular. It is the subject of parat.

So structurally:

• Apiarius = the beekeeper
• parat = prepares

That gives the core statement: The beekeeper prepares...

Fumum is accusative singular because it is the direct object of parat.

The verb parare means to prepare something, so it takes an object:

• Apiarius fumum parat = the beekeeper prepares smoke

This is very normal Latin verb-object grammar.

Because fumus is the nominative singular form, while fumum is the accusative singular form.

Here, smoke is not the subject; it is what the beekeeper prepares. So Latin uses the accusative:

• fumus = smoke, as a subject
• fumum = smoke, as a direct object

Quippe qui introduces an explanatory relative clause. It often has a sense like:

• since he...
• inasmuch as he...
• being the kind of person who...
• of course, as one who...

So here it gives the reason or explanation for the first statement. It is not just plain who. It has a more interpretive force.

A natural sense is something like: the beekeeper prepares smoke, since he uses it to make the bees calm.

Because qui refers back to Apiarius, not to apes.

So:

• Apiarius = masculine singular
• therefore qui = masculine singular

Even though apes is plural, it is inside the subordinate clause and is the object there. The relative pronoun agrees with the noun it refers to, not with some other nearby noun.

Because after quippe qui, Latin commonly uses the subjunctive.

This is a standard construction. The clause is not just a plain factual relative clause; it has an explanatory or characteristic flavor. In other words, it means something like:

• since he is the kind of person who makes...
• since he does in fact make...

So faciat is present subjunctive because it belongs to that kind of relative clause.

It is a relative clause with an explanatory/causal force.

Grammatically, it is introduced by the relative pronoun qui, but it does more than simply identify the beekeeper. It explains the logic behind the main clause.

You can think of it as an explanatory relative clause or a relative clause of characteristic/causal nuance, depending on how your textbook labels it.

Apes is accusative plural because it is the direct object of faciat.

The verb facere here means to make in the sense to render or to cause to become. The beekeeper makes the bees calm.

So:

• apes = the bees = object
• quietas = calm = describing the object

Because quietas agrees with apes.

It is:

• feminine plural
• accusative

to match apes, which is feminine plural accusative.

This is a very common construction with verbs like facere:
make + object + adjective

So:

• apes quietas faciat = make the bees calm

The adjective is sometimes called a predicate accusative, because it describes what the object is made to be.

Yes. It is a common factitive construction: to make someone/something something.

Pattern:

• facere + object + predicate adjective/noun

Examples of the same basic idea:

• aliquem laetum facere = to make someone happy
• urbem magnam facere = to make the city great

So here:

• apes = object
• quietas = what they are made to be

Because Latin has no articles.

Latin does not have separate words for the or a/an. Whether you translate a noun with the, a, or no article at all depends on context.

So:

• apiarius could be the beekeeper or a beekeeper
• fumum could be smoke
• apes could be the bees or bees

English has to choose; Latin usually does not mark that distinction.

The word order is natural Latin, but it is more flexible than English.

Main clause first:

• Apiarius fumum parat

Then the explanatory clause:

• quippe qui apes quietas faciat

Within the subordinate clause, Latin places apes quietas together nicely, since the adjective quietas goes with apes. The verb faciat comes at the end, which is very common in Latin.

So the order is not strange; it is actually quite typical.

Yes. Although the basic sense is clear, English may phrase it differently:

• makes the bees calm
• renders the bees calm
• keeps the bees quiet
• causes the bees to become calm

The Latin verb is faciat, from facere, but English often chooses whatever sounds most natural in context. With bees and smoke, calm or quiet both work well.

It can mean more than just silent. Quietus, -a, -um often means:

• quiet
• calm
• still
• at rest

In this context, calm is probably the best sense, since the idea is that smoke makes the bees less active or less aggressive.

Because the two verbs belong to different kinds of clauses.

• parat is in the main clause, stating the main action directly, so it is indicative
• faciat is in a quippe qui relative clause, which regularly takes the subjunctive

So the mood difference is caused by the sentence structure, not by a tense contrast.

Faciat is present subjunctive.

It is present because the clause expresses an action that is contemporaneous with the main idea: the beekeeper prepares smoke as someone who makes the bees calm.

In Latin, the present subjunctive is the normal form here after quippe qui when the time is present or general.