Vir beatus cum familia vivit.

Because it describes vir, and Latin adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case.

• vir = masculine, singular, nominative
• so beatus must also be masculine, singular, nominative

That is why it is beatus, not beata or beatum.

In Latin, adjectives can come before or after the noun. Both are common.

So:

• vir beatus
• beatus vir

can both mean blessed/happy man.

For a beginner, the important point is that the ending shows the connection more clearly than the word order does.

Latin does not have articles like English a, an, or the.

So vir can mean:

• a man
• the man
• sometimes just man, depending on context

The same is true for familia.

Because cum is the Latin preposition meaning with, and it takes the ablative case.

So in full grammatical terms, this is:

• cum familiā = with the family

You may see it written as familia if macrons are not shown, but the form here is really familiā in the ablative singular.

Because the verb ending already tells you the subject is third person singular.

• vivit = he/she/it lives

Since vir is already present, Latin does not need to add is or another pronoun. This is very normal in Latin.

The ending -it tells you that the verb is:

• present tense
• third person singular
• active

So vivit means he lives, she lives, or it lives, depending on the subject.

Here the subject is vir, so it means the man lives.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings carry so much grammatical information.

A verb at the end is very common in Latin, especially in simple, neutral sentences.

So Vir beatus cum familia vivit is a very natural Latin sentence structure.

Yes. Vir most commonly means man, but in some contexts it can also mean husband.

The exact meaning depends on context. In an isolated beginner sentence like this, man is usually the safest meaning.

Yes, often they can.

For example, these would still be understandable Latin:

• Cum familiā vir beatus vivit.
• Vir cum familiā vivit.
• Beatus vir cum familiā vivit.

The basic meaning stays similar because the endings show the grammar. However, changing the order can slightly change the emphasis.

Because of the cases.

• vir is nominative singular, which is a common subject form
• beatus agrees with vir
• cum tells you that familia is part of a prepositional phrase, not the subject

So the sentence structure is:

• vir beatus = the subject
• cum familiā = with the family
• vivit = lives