eoje halmeonirang sijange gassneunde harabeojineun jibeseo swisyeosseo.

-랑 means with here, so 할머니랑 = with grandma.

A few useful notes:

• -랑 is a common, conversational particle.
• It is similar to:
  • -하고
  • -와/과
• In this sentence, 할머니랑 시장에 갔는데 means (I) went to the market with grandma, and/but...

Also, -랑 can sometimes mean and when joining nouns, depending on context. Here, because it is followed by a place and a movement verb, it clearly means with.

Korean often leaves out the subject when it is obvious from context.

So 어제 할머니랑 시장에 갔는데 naturally implies something like:

• I went to the market with grandma yesterday
• or sometimes we went..., depending on context

English usually needs a subject, but Korean does not if the listener can easily figure it out.

This is very normal and natural in Korean.

In 시장에 갔는데, -에 marks the destination.

So:

• 시장 = market
• 시장에 가다 = to go to the market

With motion verbs like 가다 (to go), 오다 (to come), 도착하다 (to arrive), -에 often marks where someone is going.

So:

• 학교에 가요 = go to school
• 집에 와요 = come home

Here, 시장에 갔는데 means went to the market.

-는데 connects one clause to the next. It often gives a sense like:

• and
• but
• so
• by the way
• or setting the background

In this sentence, it has a slight contrastive feeling:

• I went to the market with grandma yesterday, but/as for grandpa, he rested at home.

So 갔는데 is not just plain past tense. It links the first event to the second and helps show a contrast between what happened with grandma and what grandpa did.

Very often, -는데 is best understood by tone and context rather than forcing one exact English translation every time.

The particle -는 marks the topic, and in many cases it also adds contrast.

So 할아버지는 suggests something like:

• as for grandpa
• grandpa, on the other hand

That works well here because the sentence contrasts two situations:

• (I) went to the market with grandma
• grandpa, however, rested at home

If you used 할아버지가, it would sound more like simply marking him as the subject, without the same contrastive topic feeling.

So 할아버지는 fits the sentence very naturally.

Because 쉬다 (to rest) is an action taking place at a location, and Korean usually marks the place of an action with -에서.

So:

• 집에서 쉬다 = rest at home
• 학교에서 공부하다 = study at school
• 카페에서 만나다 = meet at a cafe

Compare:

• 집에 가다 = go home
  
  • -에 marks destination
• 집에서 쉬다 = rest at home
  
  • -에서 marks location of action

That is why 집에서 is correct here.

쉬셨어 contains the honorific marker -시-.

Breakdown:

• 쉬다 = to rest
• 쉬시- = honorific form, used when the subject deserves respect
• 쉬셨어 = rested (honorifically, casual ending)

Because the subject is 할아버지 (grandfather), Korean often uses honorific language to show respect.

So:

• 할아버지가 쉬었어 = Grandpa rested.
  
  • grammatically possible, but less respectful
• 할아버지가 쉬셨어 = Grandpa rested.
  
  • respectful toward grandpa

This is very common with grandparents, parents, teachers, customers, and other respected people.

It is casual speech in terms of the sentence ending, but it still includes an honorific for the grandfather.

So there are two different ideas here:

1. Speech level toward the listener
2. Honorific marking toward the subject

In 쉬셨어:

• -어 = casual ending, used with someone you speak casually to
• -시- = honorific marker, showing respect toward the person doing the action

So this sentence could be said casually to a friend while still respectfully referring to grandfather.

If you wanted polite speech to the listener, you would say:

• 쉬셨어요

That distinction is very important in Korean.

Korean often leaves out words like my, your, or our when the meaning is clear.

So in context:

• 할머니 usually means my grandmother or grandmother
• 할아버지 usually means my grandfather or grandfather

In English, you often need my grandmother and my grandfather. In Korean, that would often sound unnecessary if everyone already knows whose grandparents you mean.

This omission is very natural in Korean.

어제 means yesterday, and time expressions in Korean often come near the beginning of the sentence.

A very common Korean order is:

• time + place + action

So here you get:

• 어제 = yesterday
• 할머니랑 시장에 = with grandma, to the market
• 갔는데 = went, and/but...
• 할아버지는 집에서 쉬셨어 = grandpa, on the other hand, rested at home

Korean word order is more flexible than English, but putting the time expression early is extremely common.

Yes. You could replace 할머니랑 with:

• 할머니하고
• 할머니와
• 할머니과 is not correct here because 할머니 ends in a vowel, so it would be 와, not 과

So the natural alternatives are:

• 할머니하고 시장에 갔는데...
• 할머니와 시장에 갔는데...

Nuance:

• -랑 = casual, everyday
• -하고 = also common and conversational
• -와/과 = a bit more formal or written

In ordinary speech, -랑 sounds very natural.