keun soriga namyeon gangajiga siktak araero sumeoyo.

That’s a very common question.

큰 is the noun-modifying form of 크다.
So:

• 크다 = to be big
• 큰 = big / large (when placed before a noun)

With 소리 (sound), Korean often uses the idea of big sound to mean loud sound.

So:

• 큰 소리 = a loud sound / loud noise
  literally: a big sound

This is very natural in Korean.

크다 changes to 큰 when it modifies a noun.

This is the attributive form used for present-state descriptive verbs (adjectives).

• 크다 → 큰
• 작다 → 작은
• 예쁘다 → 예쁜

So:

• 큰 소리 = loud sound
• 큰 강아지 = big puppy

This is something you’ll see very often in Korean.

소리가 나다 is a very common Korean expression meaning:

• a sound occurs
• a sound comes out
• a noise is heard

Literally, it is something like a sound comes/appears.

So:

• 소리가 나요 = a sound happens / a noise is heard
• 큰 소리가 나요 = a loud noise happens

Korean often expresses things this way instead of using a single verb exactly like English to sound.

Because 소리 is the subject of 나다 here.

In 소리가 나다, the sound is the thing that occurs or comes out, so it takes the subject marker 이/가.

• 소리가 나요 = a sound occurs
• not 소리를 나요

This is because 나다 is not being used like a transitive verb taking a direct object here.

-면 means if or when.

So:

• 나다 = to occur / to come out
• 나면 = if it occurs / when it occurs

In this sentence, 큰 소리가 나면 means:

• if there is a loud noise
• when a loud noise happens

In many sentences, -면 can feel like either if or when, depending on context.

Both are possible in Korean, but they give slightly different nuances.

In this sentence, 강아지가 marks 강아지 as the subject of 숨어요:

• 강아지가 숨어요 = the puppy hides

Using 가/이 often sounds more neutral or focuses on who does the action.

If you said 강아지는, it could sound more like:

• As for the puppy, it hides under the table
• or it might contrast the puppy with something else

So 강아지가 is very natural here.

• 강아지 usually means puppy
• 개 means dog

But in real usage, 강아지 is also often used affectionately for a pet dog, especially when speaking warmly or casually.

So in a sentence like this, 강아지 gives a softer, cuter feeling than 개.

-로 often marks direction or movement toward a place.

So:

• 식탁 아래 = under the table
• 식탁 아래로 = to under the table / toward under the table

Since 숨다 involves moving into a hiding place, -로 works naturally here.

So the image is:

• a loud noise happens
• the puppy moves to under the table
• and hides there

In more natural English, we just say hides under the table.

Yes, that is also possible.

The difference is mainly nuance:

• 식탁 아래로 숨어요
  focuses a bit more on the movement/direction into that hiding place

• 식탁 아래에 숨어요
  focuses more on the location where the puppy is hidden

In many everyday situations, both can work, and the difference is not huge.

Yes. The dictionary form is 숨다 = to hide.

When conjugated politely in the present tense:

• 숨다 → 숨어요

This happens because the vowel combines naturally in conjugation. It is a common pattern you will just get used to seeing.

So:

• 강아지가 숨어요 = the puppy hides / is hiding

Yes. 숨다 means to hide oneself or to go into hiding.

In this sentence, the puppy itself hides, so 숨다 is correct.

If you want to say to hide something, Korean usually uses 숨기다.

Compare:

• 강아지가 숨어요 = the puppy hides
• 장난감을 숨겨요 = (someone) hides the toy

So this sentence uses 숨다 because the puppy is the one going into hiding.

Either can work.

-면 can express a general condition, so in English the best translation depends on context.

Here, the meaning is something like:

• If there is a loud noise, the puppy hides under the table
• When there is a loud noise, the puppy hides under the table

If you are describing a repeated habit or typical reaction, when often sounds very natural in English.
If you want to emphasize the condition, if also works well.

식탁 means dining table or table used for eating.

So:

• 식탁 아래 = under the dining table

If Korean wanted to say just a general table, it might use 탁자 or another word depending on context. Here, 식탁 specifically gives the image of the table where people eat.