chinguwa kapeeseo orae iyagihaesseoyo.

친구와 means with a friend or with my friend, depending on context.

The particle 와 means with / and. Here it means with because it connects 친구 to the action of talking.

A useful rule:

• after a noun ending in a vowel, use 와
• after a noun ending in a consonant, use 과

So:

• 친구와
• 학생과

In everyday conversation, Koreans very often use 하고 or 랑 / 이랑 instead:

• 친구하고 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.
• 친구랑 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.

These mean basically the same thing, but 와/과 can sound a little more formal or written.

에서 marks the place where an action happens.

So 카페에서 means at the café / in the café, as the location where the talking took place.

This is different from 에, which is often used for:

• destination: 카페에 갔어요 = I went to a café
• time: 세 시에 만났어요 = I met [someone] at three
• existence with 있다/없다: 카페에 사람이 많아요 = There are many people in the café

Because 이야기하다 is an action happening in a place, 에서 is the natural choice.

Korean often leaves out the subject when it is obvious from context.

So instead of saying:

• 저는 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.

it is very natural to just say:

• 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.

English usually needs a subject like I, but Korean often does not. The listener usually understands who did the action from the situation.

Depending on context, this sentence could mean:

• I talked with a friend at a café for a long time
• We talked...
• even another subject, if already understood in the conversation

오래 means for a long time.

It is an adverb, so it describes the verb 이야기했어요.

In Korean, adverbs usually come before the verb, so:

• 오래 이야기했어요 = talked for a long time

Compare:

• 오래 기다렸어요 = waited a long time
• 오래 살았어요 = lived a long time

A very similar expression is 오랫동안, which also means for a long time:

• 오랫동안 이야기했어요

Both are natural.

이야기했어요 comes from the dictionary form 이야기하다, which means to talk / to have a conversation.

It breaks down like this:

• 이야기 = talk, story, conversation
• 하다 = to do

So 이야기하다 is a very common noun + 하다 verb.

Then:

• 이야기해요 = talk / talks / am talking, polite style
• 이야기했어요 = talked, polite past tense

The 했어요 part is the past form of 하다:

• 하다 → 해요 → 했어요

It can relate to both talk/story because 이야기 can mean story or conversation, but in this sentence 이야기했어요 most naturally means talked or had a conversation.

So here:

• 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요 most naturally means:
• I talked with a friend at a café for a long time

If you want to clearly say told a story, the context usually makes that clear, or a different verb may be used.

Korean is generally a verb-final language.

That means the main verb usually comes at the end, after all the other information.

So this sentence is ordered like:

• friend-with
• café-at
• for a long time
• talked

This is very normal in Korean.

A rough structure is:

• [who/with whom] [where] [how long/how] [verb]

So even though it feels different from English, this word order is one of the basic patterns of Korean.

Yes. Korean often does not use words like my when the relationship is already clear.

So 친구와 can mean:

• with a friend
• with my friend
• with the friend

The exact meaning depends on context.

This is very common in Korean:

• 엄마 can mean mom / my mom
• 친구 can mean friend / my friend

English usually requires more explicit wording, but Korean often leaves it unstated.

Yes. 이야기했어요 is in the polite, non-formal style, often called the -어요/-아요 style.

This is a very common everyday polite form used with:

• people you do not know well
• coworkers
• teachers
• many everyday situations

If you made it casual, it could be:

• 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기했어.

If you made it more formal, it could be:

• 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기했습니다.

So the original sentence is polite and very natural for everyday speech.

Yes. All of these can mean with a friend:

• 친구와
• 친구하고
• 친구랑

They are very similar in meaning, but the feel is a little different:

• 와/과: slightly more formal or neutral
• 하고: very common in speech
• 랑/이랑: casual and conversational

So these are all natural:

• 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.
• 친구하고 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.
• 친구랑 카페에서 오래 이야기했어요.

Although it is written 이야기했어요, in natural speech it is pronounced more like:

• 이야기해써요

This happens because 했어요 is commonly pronounced like 해써요.

So the whole sentence sounds roughly like:

• 친구와 카페에서 오래 이야기해써요

That pronunciation change is normal and very common in spoken Korean.

Yes, depending on context.

Because Korean often omits the subject, the sentence itself does not explicitly say I, we, or another subject.

If the situation is about you, it will usually be understood as:

• I talked with a friend at a café for a long time

But in another context, it might be understood differently.

That is one of the important differences between Korean and English:

• English usually states the subject
• Korean often leaves it out if it is already understood