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Questions & Answers about oneureun modu sueobe chulseokhaesseoyo.
What does the particle 은 in 오늘은 do? Could I say just 오늘 or 오늘이 instead?
- 은/는 is the topic marker. 오늘은 sets up “as for today” and often implies a contrast with other days (e.g., maybe yesterday not everyone attended).
- You can also say 오늘 모두 수업에 출석했어요, which is a neutral “Today, everyone attended class,” without that contrastive feel.
- 오늘이 would mark “today” as the grammatical subject (“Today is the one that…”), which doesn’t fit naturally here. Use 오늘은 (topic) or bare 오늘 (time adverb) in this sentence.
Why doesn’t 모두 have a particle here? Can I say 모두가?
- 모두 can function adverbially as “all,” so it doesn’t need a particle: 모두 출석했어요 = “(They) all attended.”
- 모두가 is also fine; it makes “everyone” explicit as the subject and adds emphasis/contrast: 모두가 출석했어요 (“everyone, as opposed to only some, attended”).
- Using 모두는 is uncommon; if you need a topic like “Everyone (as for them), …” it’s more natural to say 모든 사람은 …
What’s the difference between 모두, 다, and 다들?
- 모두: “all/everyone.” Can be adverb or a pronoun-like noun. Slightly more neutral/formal.
- 다: adverb “all/completely.” Usually placed before the verb: 오늘은 다 출석했어요.
- 다들: colloquial “everyone (you all).” Mostly for people: 오늘은 다들 출석했어요.
- 모두 다 is often used for emphasis in speech: 오늘은 모두 다 출석했어요. It’s a bit redundant but common.
Why is it 수업에 and not 수업을 or 수업에서?
- With “attend” verbs (출석하다, 참석하다), Korean uses 에 to mark the event you attend: 수업에 출석하다 (“attend class”).
- 수업을 출석하다 is unnatural; 출석하다 doesn’t take the class as a direct object.
- 수업에서 marks the location where an action happens: 수업에서 발표했어요 (“I presented in class”). For attendance, use 에.
What exactly does 출석하다 mean, and how is it different from 참석하다, 수업을 듣다, 나오다, 출근하다, 등교하다?
- 출석하다: to be present/attend (especially classes, school, roll call). Focus is on presence.
- 참석하다: to attend meetings/ceremonies/events (회의, 세미나, 결혼식). Less natural with routine classes.
- 수업을 듣다: literally “listen to a class,” but idiomatically “take/attend a class” (a session or a course).
- 나오다 (수업에 나오다): “to show up/come (to class).” Casual.
- 출근하다: “go to work” (employees).
- 등교하다: “go to school” (students, going to the school building).
How is 출석했어요 formed? Is 하였어요 okay?
- Base: 출석하다 (출석 + 하다).
- Polite present: 출석해요 (하다 → 해요).
- Polite past: 출석했어요 (해요 → 했어요). Historically from 하여 + 었어요 → 하였어요 → 했어요.
- 하였어요 is grammatically correct but sounds stiff in conversation. In formal writing/speeches you might see 하였습니다; in conversation use 했어요.
What is the politeness level here, and how do I make it more formal or casual?
- 출석했어요: past, informal polite (-어요 style). Neutral and common.
- More casual: 출석했어.
- More formal: 출석했습니다.
- Very plain/written: 출석했다.
- If honoring the subject (specific respected person), add -시-: 출석하셨습니다.
Any pronunciation tips for this sentence?
- 오늘은 is pronounced roughly like [오느른] (the ᄅ links smoothly into 은).
- 수업에 has liaison: [수어베] (the final ㅂ of 수업 moves to the next syllable).
- 했어요 is pronounced [해써요] in natural speech.
- 출석 often has a tense-sound effect, so you’ll hear it like [출썩]. Putting it together: 출석했어요 ≈ [출썩해써요].
Can I change the word order? Does it change the nuance?
Korean word order is flexible, but placement affects emphasis.
- 오늘은 모두 수업에 출석했어요. As for today, everyone attended class. (Contrast on “today.”)
- 오늘 모두 수업에 출석했어요. Today, everyone attended class. (More neutral.)
- 모두가 오늘 수업에 출석했어요. It’s everyone who attended today’s class. (Emphasis on “everyone.”)
- 오늘은 수업에 모두 출석했어요. Also acceptable; it brings “모두” closer to the verb.
- Less natural: 수업에 모두가 출석했어요. Prefer 모두가 수업에 …
Who is “everyone” here? How do I make it explicit?
Korean often drops obvious subjects. 모두 refers to the relevant group in context (usually the students). To specify:
- 오늘은 학생들이 모두 수업에 출석했어요.
- 오늘은 모든 학생이 수업에 출석했어요.
- 오늘은 우리 반이 모두 출석했어요.
Can I say 오늘에? When do I use 에 with time words?
- Don’t use 에 with words like 오늘, 내일, 어제. Say 오늘, not “오늘에.”
- Use 에 with specific times/dates/days: 3시에, 월요일에, 10월에, 주말에.
- You can add a topic on top: 주말에는 (에 + 는).
How do I say the opposite (e.g., “No one attended” or “Two people were absent”)?
- No one attended: 오늘은 아무도 수업에 출석하지 않았어요. (or … 출석 안 했어요.)
- Two people were absent: 오늘은 두 명이 결석했어요.
- Opposite verb: 결석하다 = to be absent.
Is 모두다 correct? What about 모두 다?
- Standard writing separates them: 모두 다. You’ll see 모두 다 출석했어요 in speech for emphasis.
- 모두다 (no space) appears informally online but is nonstandard. The safer choice is 모두 다 or just 모두.
Any handy attendance-related collocations?
- 출석을 부르다: to call the roll.
- 출석을 확인하다/체크하다: to check attendance.
- 출석부: attendance sheet/roll book.
- 전원 출석(했습니다): full attendance.