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chinguwa hamkke sajineul jjigeo.

친구와 함께 사진을 찍어.chinguwa hamkke sajineul jjigeo.
I take pictures together with a friend.
FromLesson 8inHardcore Korean
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Questions & Answers about chinguwa hamkke sajineul jjigeo.

What does the particle 와 mean in 친구와 함께?
와/과 is a coordinating particle that can mean “and” or “with.” Here in 친구와 함께, 와 means “with” (i.e. “together with a friend”).
Why is it 친구와 and not 친구과?
Korean has two forms of this particle: 와 after a noun ending in a vowel, and 과 after a noun ending in a consonant. 친구 ends in the vowel ㅜ, so you use 와.
Can I say 친구랑 or 친구하고 instead of 친구와?

Yes. -랑 and -하고 are colloquial alternatives that also mean “with.”
– 친구랑 함께 사진을 찍어.
– 친구하고 함께 사진을 찍어.
All three sentences mean essentially the same thing, though -랑 is the most casual of the three.

What is the function of 함께, and could I use 같이 instead?

함께 means “together” and is a bit more formal or literary. 같이 also means “together” but is more colloquial. You can interchange them:
– 친구와 함께 사진을 찍어.
– 친구와 같이 사진을 찍어.

Why is there no subject in this sentence?
This is an imperative (a command or request). In Korean imperatives, the subject “you” is normally omitted because it’s implied.
What form is 찍어, and how does it relate to the dictionary verb 찍다?
찍다 is the dictionary form “to take (a photo).” Drop 다 and add -어 to get 찍어, which here is the informal-low (half-casual) imperative form.
How can I make this sentence more polite?

Add polite endings to the verb:
– Formal polite: 친구와 함께 사진을 찍으세요.
– Informal polite: 친구와 함께 사진을 찍어요.

Can I reorder the words? For example, 사진을 친구와 함께 찍어?

Yes. Korean word order is flexible as long as particles stay attached. Both are natural:
– 친구와 함께 사진을 찍어.
– 사진을 친구와 함께 찍어.
You can even say 친구와 사진을 함께 찍어. The meaning remains “Take a photo with a friend.”

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Korean has multiple speech levels that indicate formality and politeness. The most common are the formal polite (‑습니다/‑ㅂ니다), informal polite (‑아요/‑어요), and casual (‑아/‑어) forms. Which level you use depends on who you're speaking to and the social context.

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