seonsaengnimui seolmyeong deokbune pilgisiheomeseo hapgyeok jeomsureul badassseupnida.

선생님 means teacher. It already includes 님, which is an honorific element used to show respect.

Then 의 is added to mark possession, so:

• 선생님 = teacher
• 선생님의 = the teacher’s / of the teacher

So 선생님의 설명 means the teacher’s explanation.

A useful note: in everyday speech, 의 is often pronounced more like 에 or even reduced, so 선생님의 may sound closer to 선생님에.

덕분에 means thanks to or due to, and it usually has a positive feeling.

So:

• 설명 덕분에 = thanks to the explanation
• 선생님의 설명 덕분에 = thanks to the teacher’s explanation

This expression is commonly used when something good happened because of someone or something.

For example:

• 친구 덕분에 문제를 풀었어요.
  = Thanks to my friend, I solved the problem.

This is a very common question.

Both can mean something like because of, but the nuance is different:

• 덕분에 → usually used for a good / appreciated result
• 때문에 → more neutral, and often used for negative results too

So in this sentence, since getting a passing score is a good result, 덕분에 is the natural choice.

Compare:

• 선생님의 설명 덕분에 합격했어요.
  = I passed thanks to the teacher’s explanation.
  (positive, grateful)

• 비 때문에 늦었어요.
  = I was late because of the rain.
  (neutral/negative)

필기시험 means written test/exam.

에서 here marks the place or context in which the result happened. In English, we often translate it as on or in:

• 필기시험에서 = on the written exam / in the written exam

Korean often uses 에서 with verbs like 받다 when talking about getting a score, grade, result, prize, etc. in a particular event, test, or competition.

For example:

• 시험에서 90점을 받았어요.
  = I got 90 points on the exam.

So 필기시험에서 합격 점수를 받았습니다 means I received a passing score on the written exam.

Usually 필기시험에서 is more natural in this sentence.

That is because 에서 works well with the idea of getting a score in/on an exam:

• 시험에서 점수를 받다
• 대회에서 상을 받다

Using 에 here would sound less natural for this meaning. 에 is more often used for destination, time, or indirect object functions, while 에서 fits the idea of the exam as the setting where the score was obtained.

합격 점수 is a noun phrase meaning passing score.

It is made of:

• 합격 = passing, success
• 점수 = score

Together, 합격 점수 means a score high enough to pass.

It is written as two words with a space here, which is normal. Korean often combines nouns this way to make a descriptive noun phrase.

받았습니다 is the formal polite past form of 받다, which means to receive.

In Korean, scores and grades are often something you receive:

• 점수를 받다 = to receive/get a score
• 상을 받다 = to receive/get an award

So 합격 점수를 받았습니다 literally means received a passing score.

This is slightly different from simply saying:

• 합격했습니다 = passed / succeeded

The original sentence focuses on the fact that the speaker got a passing score, not just the final fact of passing.

Yes, that is the practical meaning.

Literally, it says:

• I received a passing score on the written exam thanks to the teacher’s explanation.

Since getting a passing score means the speaker passed, the natural English meaning is basically:

• I passed the written exam thanks to the teacher’s explanation.

The Korean sentence is just phrased in a more score-focused way.

Korean often leaves out the subject when it is obvious from context.

In this sentence, the subject is understood as I (or possibly we, depending on context), because the speaker is talking about receiving a passing score.

So a fuller version could be:

• 저는 선생님의 설명 덕분에 필기시험에서 합격 점수를 받았습니다.

But in natural Korean, 저는 is often omitted if it is already clear.

Korean usually puts information in this kind of order:

cause/reason + place/context + object + verb

So here:

• 선생님의 설명 덕분에 = thanks to the teacher’s explanation
• 필기시험에서 = on the written exam
• 합격 점수를 = a passing score
• 받았습니다 = received

Literally:

• Thanks to the teacher’s explanation, on the written exam, a passing score received.

Natural English rearranges this to:

• I received a passing score on the written exam thanks to the teacher’s explanation.

The object marker is actually there, just attached to the noun phrase:

• 합격 점수
  • 를
• becomes 합격 점수를

So:

• 합격 점수를 받았습니다 = received a passing score

This is the direct object of 받았습니다.

받았습니다 is in the formal polite style.

Breakdown:

• 받다 = to receive
• 받았- = past tense stem
• -습니다 = formal polite ending

This style is common in:

• formal speaking
• presentations
• interviews
• written statements
• respectful situations

A less formal polite version would be:

• 받았어요

So the sentence could also be said as:

• 선생님의 설명 덕분에 필기시험에서 합격 점수를 받았어요.

Yes. Very much so.

Because of 덕분에, the sentence does not just state a cause. It also carries a sense of gratitude or appreciation.

So it sounds like the speaker is saying:

• Thanks to the teacher’s explanation, I got a passing score on the written exam.

This makes it warmer and more appreciative than a plain cause-and-effect sentence.