chinguga jumare deiteureul haesseo.

가 is the subject marker. It marks 친구 as the subject of the sentence.

In this sentence, 친구가 sounds natural if you are simply stating what the friend did, or if the friend is being newly introduced into the conversation.

If you used 친구는, it would make friend the topic instead. That can sound like:

• As for my friend, they went on a date on the weekend
• or it may create contrast, like My friend went on a date, but I didn’t

So:

• 친구가 주말에 데이트를 했어. = neutral statement about what the friend did
• 친구는 주말에 데이트를 했어. = topic/contrast nuance

Korean usually does not use articles like a or the, and it often leaves out possessives like my when they are obvious from context.

So 친구 can mean different things depending on the situation:

• my friend
• a friend
• the friend

In many everyday contexts, English translators choose my friend because that sounds most natural in English, even though Korean does not literally say my here.

주말 means weekend, and 에 is a particle often used to mark time when something happens.

So 주말에 means:

• on the weekend
• during the weekend
• over the weekend

The 에 here is very common with time expressions like:

• 월요일에 = on Monday
• 밤에 = at night
• 주말에 = on the weekend

However, not every time word uses 에. For example, words like 오늘, 내일, and 어제 usually do not take 에.

데이트 is a noun borrowed from English date. In Korean, many nouns can combine with 하다 to make a verb-like expression.

So:

• 데이트 = a date
• 데이트를 하다 = to go on a date / to have a date

This pattern is very common in Korean:

• 공부를 하다 = to study
• 운동을 하다 = to exercise
• 쇼핑을 하다 = to shop

Here, 를 marks 데이트 as the object of 하다.

를 is the object marker. It marks 데이트 as the thing being done.

So structurally, the sentence is:

• 친구가 = the friend (subject)
• 주말에 = on the weekend (time)
• 데이트를 했어 = did a date / went on a date

Even though English would not normally say did a date, Korean commonly uses noun + 를/을 하다 patterns like this.

Yes, you can.

Both are used:

• 데이트를 했어
• 데이트했어

They mean basically the same thing. The version with 를 하다 shows the noun-plus-하다 structure more clearly, while 데이트하다 works like a single verb.

Learners should recognize both forms.

했어 is the casual, informal past tense form.

It is used with:

• close friends
• younger people
• family members
• people you speak casually with

More polite versions would be:

• 했어요 = polite
• 했습니다 = formal

So if you were speaking politely, you could say:

• 친구가 주말에 데이트를 했어요.

No. 친구 just means friend and does not tell you whether the friend is male or female.

You need context to know the gender, or the speaker would have to specify it another way.

So 친구가 could mean:

• my male friend
• my female friend

depending on the situation.

Usually, yes.

In Korean, 데이트 normally means a romantic date, not just casually hanging out with a friend.

So this sentence strongly suggests that the friend went on a romantic outing with someone.

If you only wanted to say hung out, Korean would usually use a different expression, such as something based on 놀다 or 만나다, depending on the situation.

Yes. Korean often omits the subject when it is already understood from context.

So if everyone already knows you are talking about your friend, you could simply say:

• 주말에 데이트를 했어.

That would still be natural in conversation.

Including 친구가 makes the subject explicit, which can be useful if:

• you are introducing the information clearly
• you want to emphasize who did it
• the listener might not know who you mean