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완충재 means packing material / cushioning material / protective padding used to absorb shock.

• 완충 = buffering, cushioning
• 재 = material

So in a shipping or packaging context, it means things like:

• bubble wrap
• foam
• air pillows
• packing paper

It is a somewhat practical or formal word, often used in delivery, packaging, or product damage contexts.

The 가 marks 완충재 as the subject of the clause 완충재가 없어서.

Literally, this part is something like:

• 완충재가 없다 = there is no cushioning material

So 가 is not marking the thing that is doing an action here. It is marking the thing whose existence is being stated or denied.

A learner might expect 완충재는, but 완충재가 없다 is the natural pattern for saying there is no X.

Compare:

• 완충재가 없어요. = There is no cushioning material.
• 완충재는 없어요. = As for cushioning material, there isn’t any.
  This sounds more contrastive or topic-focused.

없어서 comes from 없다 + -어서, and here it means because there wasn’t / since there wasn’t.

So:

• 완충재가 없어서 = because there was no cushioning material

The ending -아서/어서 often connects two clauses and can express:

• sequence: do X and then Y
• reason/cause: because X, Y

In this sentence, it is clearly the reason meaning:

• 완충재가 없어서 물건이 파손됐습니다.
• Because there was no cushioning material, the item was damaged.

Because 없다 combines with -어서 in the standard contracted form 없어서.

You do not say 없으어서.

This is just the normal way Korean adjectives and verbs combine with this ending:

• 작다 → 작아서
• 예쁘다 → 예뻐서
• 없다 → 없어서

So 없어서 is the correct natural form.

The 이 marks 물건 as the subject of the second clause:

• 물건이 파손됐습니다 = the item was damaged

So the whole sentence has two linked clauses:

1. 완충재가 없어서
   = because there was no cushioning material

2. 물건이 파손됐습니다
   = the item was damaged

Both clauses have their own subject marked with 가/이.

파손됐습니다 is the polite past form of 파손되다.

Breakdown:

• 파손 = damage, breakage
• 되다 = to become / to be done
• 파손되다 = to be damaged / to get damaged
• 파손됐습니다 = was damaged

Also, 됐습니다 is a contracted spoken/written form of 되었습니다.

So:

• 파손되었습니다 = more formal/full form
• 파손됐습니다 = very common contracted form

Both are correct.

파손되다 is more formal and often used in shipping, customer service, product reports, and written notices.

Rough comparison:

• 깨지다 = to break, shatter
  Often used for glass, cups, screens, etc.
• 망가지다 = to be broken, ruined, stop working
  More general and conversational
• 파손되다 = to be damaged
  More formal, common for packages, products, and logistics contexts

So in a sentence about packaging and damage during shipping, 파손되다 sounds very natural.

It behaves a lot like an English passive in meaning, because 물건이 파손됐습니다 means the item was damaged.

But it is better to think of 파손되다 as a Korean verb meaning to become damaged / to be damaged, rather than trying to map it perfectly onto English passive grammar.

So:

• 파손하다 = to damage something
• 파손되다 = to be damaged / to get damaged

In this sentence, the focus is on what happened to the item, not on who caused it.

Because 물건을 파손했습니다 means (someone) damaged the item.

That would require an understood or stated agent, like a person or company doing the damaging.

But the original sentence is describing the result:

• 물건이 파손됐습니다 = the item was damaged

That is more natural when explaining damage in shipping, packaging, or accidents, especially when the speaker is focusing on the condition of the item rather than the person responsible.

-습니다 is the formal polite style.

So 파손됐습니다 is appropriate in:

• customer service
• business communication
• reports
• announcements
• polite explanations

A more casual polite version would be:

• 완충재가 없어서 물건이 파손됐어요.

A plain casual version would be:

• 완충재가 없어서 물건이 파손됐어.

It can mean either an item or items/goods, depending on context.

Korean often does not mark plural unless needed. So:

• 물건이 파손됐습니다 could mean
  the item was damaged
• but in some contexts it could also be understood as
  the goods were damaged

If the speaker wanted to emphasize plural, they might say:

• 물건들이 파손됐습니다

But often that is unnecessary.

Yes, Korean word order is somewhat flexible, especially with clauses, but the original order is very natural.

Standard version:

• 완충재가 없어서 물건이 파손됐습니다.

This clearly gives:

1. cause
2. result

You may also see similar rearrangements in longer contexts, but for a learner, the original order is the safest and most natural.

Most likely, yes.

The combination of:

• 완충재 = cushioning/packing material
• 파손되다 = be damaged
• 물건 = item/goods

strongly suggests a packaging, delivery, or shipping situation.

It sounds like something you might hear in:

• a delivery complaint
• a product damage report
• a seller’s explanation
• customer service communication

So even if the meaning is simply Because there was no cushioning material, the item was damaged, the overall tone and vocabulary suggest a packaging-related context.