Breakdown of gaikokuzin ha eigo wo hanasimasu.
はha
topic particle
をwo
direct object particle
英語eigo
English (language)
話すhanasu
to speak
外国人gaikokuzin
foreigner
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Questions & Answers about gaikokuzin ha eigo wo hanasimasu.
Why is there no plural marker like -s in 外国人?
Japanese nouns generally don’t change form for singular vs. plural. 外国人 can mean “a foreigner” or “foreigners” depending on context. If you really want to stress plurality, you can add 〜たち or 〜ら after a noun (e.g. 外国人たち), but it’s often unnecessary.
What does the particle は do in 外国人は?
The particle は marks 外国人 as the topic of the sentence—the entity we’re talking about. It sets up “foreigners” as the theme, something assumed known or introduced, and what follows comments on that topic: “(As for) foreigners, they speak English.”
What would change if I used が instead of は?
Replacing は with が (外国人が英語を話します) shifts the nuance from “about foreigners” to simply stating who does the action. が introduces new or emphasized subjects. So 外国人が英語を話します often implies “It is foreigners (and not anyone else) who speak English,” whereas 外国人は英語を話します presents that as general or known information.
Why is 英語 followed by the particle を?
The particle を marks the direct object of the verb—the thing being acted upon. In 英語を話します, 英語 (“English”) is what is being spoken. Without を, you wouldn’t know which noun is the object.
Why is the verb 話します in the -ます form, and what is its dictionary (plain) form?
話します is the polite present/future form of the verb 話す (“to speak”). The pattern is:
• Dictionary/plain form: 話す
• Polite form: change 〜す to 〜します, yielding 話します.
Learners choose the polite form when speaking to someone they’re not very close with or in formal settings.
Why is the phrase ordered 英語を話します and not 話します英語を?
Japanese follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order. You place the object (英語を) before the verb (話します). Verbs always come at the end of a Japanese clause, so “speak English” must be 英語を話します.
Could you drop 外国人は and just say 英語を話します?
Yes—Japanese often omits topics or subjects when context is clear. If you’ve already established that you’re talking about foreigners, you can simply say 英語を話します (“(They) speak English”). However, without context, listeners might wonder “who” is speaking English. Including 外国人は removes that ambiguity.