kabin wo tukuru.

It is read:

かびん を つくる。

• 花瓶 = かびん
• を is the object marker particle, pronounced お
• 作る = つくる

So the full reading is かびんをつくる.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

In 花瓶 を 作る, the thing being made is 花瓶. So:

• 花瓶 = the thing affected by the action
• 作る = the action, to make

A helpful way to think about it is:

• X を 作る = make X

So 花瓶を作る means make a vase.

This is a very common question.

The particle is historically wo, so many romanization systems write it as wo. But in modern standard Japanese, when it is used as a particle, it is pronounced お.

So:

• written in kana: を
• often romanized: wo
• actually pronounced: o

That is why 花瓶を作る is pronounced かびんをつくる, but in speech it sounds like かびんおつくる.

Japanese normally uses SOV word order:

• Subject
• Object
• Verb

English usually uses SVO:

• Subject
• Verb
• Object

So in English you say:

• I make a vase.

But in Japanese the basic order is:

• I / vase / make
• 私は 花瓶を 作る。

Even when the subject is omitted, the verb still usually comes at the end.

The subject is omitted.

Japanese often leaves out information that is understood from context. So 花瓶を作る could mean:

• I make a vase
• You make a vase
• He/she makes a vase
• We will make a vase
• or more generally to make a vase

The exact subject depends on the situation.

This is very normal in Japanese. A complete sentence does not always need an explicit subject.

作る is the plain form, sometimes called the dictionary form.

• 作る = plain / casual
• 作ります = polite

So:

• 花瓶を作る。 sounds plain, casual, or like a dictionary/example sentence.
• 花瓶を作ります。 sounds polite.

In textbooks, vocabulary lists, and simple example sentences, the plain form is very common.

Not only that.

作る is a broad verb meaning to make, to create, to produce, and sometimes to build depending on context.

Examples:

• 料理を作る = make/cook food
• 椅子を作る = make a chair
• 計画を作る = make a plan

In 花瓶を作る, it most naturally means physically making or crafting a vase.

花瓶 usually means vase, especially a vase for flowers.

It is made of:

• 花 = flower
• 瓶 = bottle/jar/vessel

So the word has a very direct meaning: a container for flowers.

In natural English, vase is usually the best translation.

Japanese does not have articles like a, an, and the.

So 花瓶を作る could mean:

• make a vase
• make the vase

The context tells you which one is intended.

This is one of the biggest differences from English. Japanese often leaves things unspecified unless they need to be made clear.

Yes, there is a big difference.

• 花瓶を作る = make a vase
  
  • 花瓶 is the direct object
• 花瓶は作る = as for vases, [someone] makes them or I do make vases
  • は marks 花瓶 as the topic, not simply the object

Sometimes は adds contrast. For example, 花瓶は作る might suggest:

• I make vases, but not something else
• or As for vases, yes, I make them

So for the simple meaning make a vase, を is the natural choice.

Yes, it can be used by itself, especially in certain contexts.

It sounds natural as:

• a simple example sentence
• a note or instruction
• a caption
• a dictionary-style example
• a casual statement when the subject is obvious

But in everyday conversation, people often include more context, such as:

• 花瓶を作るよ。
• 花瓶を作ります。
• 私は花瓶を作る。

So 花瓶を作る。 is grammatical and natural, but it may feel a little bare without context.

That depends on the level of politeness and context.

Some natural variations are:

• 花瓶を作る。
  Plain, simple, neutral

• 花瓶を作るよ。
  Plain, with emphasis or friendliness

• 花瓶を作ります。
  Polite

• 花瓶を作っている。
  I am making a vase / am in the process of making one

• 花瓶を作ろう。
  Let’s make a vase or I’ll make a vase, depending on context

So the original sentence is correct, but in real conversation you often hear extra endings or a more context-specific form.