Il cane corre attorno al giardino.

The dog runs around the garden.

Breakdown of Il cane corre attorno al giardino.

• il cane: the dog
• correre: to run
• il giardino: the garden
• attorno: around

Questions & Answers about Il cane corre attorno al giardino.

Why do we use il before cane instead of lo cane?

In Italian the masculine singular definite article is il before most consonants. You only use lo (or l’ before a vowel) in special cases: before s + consonant (e.g. lo studente), z (e.g. lo zaino), gn, ps, pn, x, y. Since cane begins with a simple consonant c, the correct article is il, giving il cane.

How can I tell that cane is masculine when it ends in -e?

Italian nouns ending in -e can be either masculine or feminine (e.g. padre m., madre f.). There’s no fixed rule, so you learn the gender as part of the word. cane is masculine (a female dog is cagna). Checking a dictionary or vocabulary list is the safest way to know the gender.

What does attorno mean and what part of speech is it?

attorno is a prepositional adverb meaning around. It behaves like a preposition but comes as a single word. When you specify its object, you add the preposition a plus the appropriate article (e.g. attorno al).

Why do we say attorno al giardino and not just attorno giardino?

When you use attorno with a noun, you must link it with a (the “to” preposition). That a then combines with the definite article il to form al. So you get attorno a + il giardino ⇒ attorno al giardino. Omitting a or the article would be ungrammatical.

Why is it al and not alla or allo?

Italian combines a + definite article differently depending on the gender, number, and initial letter of the following noun:

• a + il = al (masculine singular before most consonants)
• a + lo = allo (masculine singular before s+consonant, z, etc.)
• a + la = alla (feminine singular)
• a + l’ = all’ (before a vowel)
  Since giardino is masculine singular and starts with a normal consonant, a + il giardino becomes al giardino.

Can I use intorno instead of attorno here?

Yes. attorno and intorno are virtually interchangeable prepositional adverbs meaning around. You could say Il cane corre intorno al giardino with exactly the same meaning and usage.

Could I say Il cane corre nel giardino instead of attorno al giardino?

You could, but the meaning changes slightly:

• nel giardino (in the garden) means the dog runs inside the garden’s boundaries.
• attorno al giardino (around the garden) means the dog runs along the outside perimeter.

Can I change the word order to Attorno al giardino corre il cane?

Yes. Italian allows flexibility for emphasis or style. Starting with Attorno al giardino highlights the location. However, the most neutral, conversational order is Il cane corre attorno al giardino (Subject–Verb–Complement).