Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Diskon pagi meningkatkan pendapatan toko. - The morning discount increases the shop's income.

In Indonesian, a noun can modify another noun. Diskon pagi is a noun–noun compound meaning “morning discount(s)”—discounts that happen in the morning. Pagi is a noun (“morning”) functioning as a modifier. You could also say diskon di pagi hari (more explicit/formal) or diskon pagi ini (“this morning’s discounts”).

Is Diskon pagi singular or plural?

Indonesian doesn’t mark plural by default, so it’s ambiguous. To emphasize plural: diskon-diskon pagi, berbagai diskon pagi, beberapa diskon pagi. To emphasize a single one: satu diskon pagi or more naturally satu promo pagi; sebuah diskon is possible but less common.

Why use meningkatkan instead of meningkat?

Meningkatkan is transitive: “to increase/raise something.” It must take an object: meningkatkan pendapatan.
Meningkat is intransitive: “to increase/go up.” No object: Pendapatan toko meningkat (“The store’s revenue increases”). Your sentence needs the transitive form because Diskon pagi is causing the increase to the object.

Could I use other verbs like menaikkan, menambah, or bikin … naik?

Yes, with nuance:

Menaikkan pendapatan = “to raise revenue” (very common).
Menambah pendapatan = “to add to/increase revenue” (focus on addition).
Bikin pendapatan (toko) naik = “make revenue go up” (colloquial).
More formal alternatives: mendorong, meningkatkan, or business-y menggenjot (informal “to boost”).

What is the word order here?

Standard S–V–O:

Subject: Diskon pagi
Verb: meningkatkan
Object: pendapatan toko Indonesian usually follows SVO in simple declarative sentences like this.

How would I say it in an intransitive way?

Use meningkat or naik with a cause phrase:

Pendapatan toko meningkat karena diskon pagi.
Pendapatan toko naik karena diskon pagi.

How do I say it in the passive voice?

Pendapatan toko ditingkatkan oleh diskon pagi. (grammatical but slightly stiff because the agent is an abstract thing) More natural: rephrase the cause:
Pendapatan toko meningkat berkat/karenа diskon pagi. If an actor is a program/team, passive sounds smoother: Pendapatan toko ditingkatkan oleh program diskon pagi.

How do I express “by 10%” or other amounts?

Use sebesar for percentages/amounts:

Diskon pagi meningkatkan pendapatan toko sebesar 10%. For counts/units, sebanyak is often used.

How do I show past or future time?

Verbs aren’t tense-marked. Add time markers:

Past: sudah/telah (completed), tadi pagi/kemarin (time adverbs).
Future: akan, nanti, besok pagi. Example: Diskon pagi tadi meningkatkan pendapatan toko. / Diskon pagi besok akan meningkatkan pendapatan toko.

Does pagi modify the discount or the time of the increase?

Here, pagi modifies the type of discount. It says the discount happens in the morning, not necessarily when the increase happens. If you want to say the increase happened in the morning, add a time adverb to the clause: Pagi ini, diskon meningkatkan pendapatan toko.

Why not say diskon di pagi hari?

You can. Diskon pagi is a tighter compound and very natural; diskon di pagi hari is a bit more explicit/formal. Both mean morning discounts. Choose based on style and emphasis.

What’s the nuance of pendapatan compared with penjualan, pemasukan, or omzet/omset?

Pendapatan: income/revenue (often net or general revenue; context determines).
Penjualan: sales (units or sales value).
Pemasukan: money inflow; less formal.
Omzet/omset: turnover/gross sales (borrowed; very common in business). So you could say: Diskon pagi meningkatkan penjualan/omzet toko depending on what you mean.

Is toko the best word for “store”? What about warung, kedai, or gerai?

Toko: general shop/store (non-food or mixed).
Warung: small family-run stall/eatery/convenience shack.
Kedai: shop/eatery, often for food/drink.
Gerai: outlet/branch (often chain stores). Pick the one that fits the business type.

How do I negate this sentence?

Use tidak to negate the verb:

Diskon pagi tidak meningkatkan pendapatan toko. Use bukan only to negate a noun: Ini bukan diskon pagi.

How would I say “this morning’s discounts increased our store’s revenue”?

Diskon pagi ini meningkatkan pendapatan toko kami. Colloquial: Diskon pagi ini bikin pendapatan toko kami naik.

What are the parts inside meningkatkan and pendapatan?

meningkatkan = meN- (actor-focus prefix) + tingkat (“level”) + -kan (causative) → “to raise/increase something.”
pendapatan = peN- + dapat (“to get/obtain”) + -an → “income/revenue.” Don’t confuse with pendapat (“opinion”) which lacks -an.

Any pronunciation tips?

diskon: two syllables, dis-kon; the “o” is like “o” in “more,” not “ow.”
pagi: pa-gi, hard g as in “go.”
meningkatkan: me-nin-gkat-kan; pronounce the “ngk” cluster clearly.
toko: to-ko, both vowels pure.

How do I make “the store’s” definite or show possession clearly?

Indonesian uses noun–noun order or possessive suffix/pronouns:

Generic/specific by context: pendapatan toko.
Definite: pendapatan toko itu/tersebut (“that store’s revenue”).
Possessive: pendapatan toko kami (“our store’s revenue”), pendapatan tokonya (“the store’s revenue,” with -nya as “its/their”).