Learn Hardcore Indonesian: Saya memahami tujuan rapat. - I understand the purpose of the meeting.

Root: paham (to understand; aware).
Prefix: meN- becomes mem- before a root starting with p (p → m).
Suffix: -i, which often creates a transitive verb that applies the action to an object. Together: memahami = “to understand (something) thoroughly.”

Why use memahami instead of mengerti or paham?

memahami: suggests deeper, more thorough understanding; sounds formal/professional (good in business or academic contexts).
mengerti: general “to understand”; neutral and very common in speech and writing.
paham: stative/adj-like; often used informally: Saya paham = “I get it.” All are acceptable; choose based on nuance and formality.

Is Saya necessary, or can I drop it?

You can drop Saya if the subject is obvious from context, especially in conversation or notes: Memahami tujuan rapat. However, as a full standalone sentence, including Saya makes it clear and formal. Without a subject, it can read like a headline or bullet point.

How do I show past, present, or future in Indonesian with this sentence?

Indonesian doesn’t mark tense on the verb. Use time/aspect markers:

Past/already: