Arsip rapat bulan lalu ada di laci bawah; arsip baru diunggah tadi pagi.

Ada marks existence/presence and is the natural way to say “is/are located” in Indonesian. So ada di laci bawah means “(it/they) are in the bottom drawer,” emphasizing location/presence. Indonesian has no general copula like English “to be,” so you use:

• ada for presence/location/existence
• (no verb) or adalah for equating two nouns (see next Q)

You can’t use adalah to mean “is located.”

Because adalah links a subject to a noun/noun phrase (equative), not to a prepositional phrase of place. Use:

• Equative: Rapat itu adalah rapat bulanan. (That meeting is the monthly meeting.)
• Location: Rapat itu ada di ruang utama. (The meeting is in the main room.)

So for place, use ada di, not adalah di.

Both indicate presence in a location. Berada is more formal/neutral and only for location; ada is more general (existence, availability, and location).

• Formal: Berkas itu berada di server.
• Neutral: Berkas itu ada di server. Only ada can mean “there exists/there is”: Ada kopi? (“Is there coffee?”) — you can’t use berada there.

Two different things:

• di (separate) is a preposition “in/at/on”: di laci, di Jakarta.
• di- (attached) is the passive prefix on verbs: diunggah (“uploaded”), dibuka (“opened”). Rule of thumb: if it’s a place word, write di separately; if it’s a verb, attach di-.

Indonesian commonly uses passive when the agent is unknown/irrelevant or to foreground the patient:

• Passive: Arsip baru diunggah tadi pagi. (focus on the files)
• Active: (Kami) mengunggah arsip baru tadi pagi. (focus on the doer) If you want to name the agent in passive, add oleh: diunggah oleh tim IT. Or use “passive type 2”: Arsip baru sudah kami unggah tadi pagi.

Not required. The time phrase tadi pagi already makes the past time clear. Sudah adds emphasis on completion:

• Neutral: … diunggah tadi pagi.
• Emphatic/completed: … sudah diunggah tadi pagi.

It can mean either, depending on placement and context:

• Adjective “new”: arsip baru = “new files”
• Adverb “just/recently”: baru diunggah = “has just been uploaded” In the sentence, the most natural parse is “new files were uploaded this morning.” To force the “just” meaning, write: Arsip itu baru diunggah tadi pagi. To emphasize “new,” you can say arsip yang baru.

Use any of:

• Arsip itu baru diunggah tadi pagi.
• Arsipnya baru diunggah tadi pagi.
• Baru saja diunggah tadi pagi arsipnya. (colloquial)
• Or switch to active: Saya baru mengunggah arsip itu tadi pagi.

It’s left-to-right, tightest attachments first:

• arsip rapat = “the meeting’s archive(s)”
• rapat bulan lalu = “the meeting from last month” Together: [arsip [rapat [bulan lalu]]] = “the archive(s) of last month’s meeting.”

No preposition “of” is needed between Indonesian nouns.

No. Yang introduces a relative clause (with a verb), not a bare time phrase. You can say:

• arsip rapat yang lalu = “the archive(s) of the previous meeting” (previous in sequence, not specifically last month)
• arsip rapat bulan lalu = specifically “last month’s meeting archive(s)”

Indonesian nouns don’t inflect for number. Arsip can mean “archive/file(s).” Context or quantifiers clarify:

• Plural explicitly: arsip-arsip, beberapa arsip, banyak arsip
• Definite singular: arsip itu/arsipnya

There are no articles. Use:

• itu (after the noun phrase) or -nya to mark definiteness: arsip itu, arsipnya
• Numerals/quantifiers to mark indefiniteness: sebuah arsip (one file), beberapa arsip (some files)

Laci bawah = “the lower/bottom drawer,” but it can be slightly ambiguous (any drawer that is lower). To say the very bottom one, use:

• laci paling bawah (the bottommost drawer)
• laci bagian bawah (the lower section drawer, often clear in context)

Use a relative phrase with yang and a locative:

• di laci yang di bawah (ini/itu) = “in the drawer that is below (this/that one)” If you mean the physically lower drawer in a stack, di laci bawah often suffices; for precision, di laci paling bawah.

Yes. People often say:

• Active: mengunggah (standard), or informally meng-upload/mengunduh is for download; careful: upload = unggah, download = unduh.
• Passive type 2: sudah kami/saya unggah (very idiomatic) Standard writing favors unggah/unduh over English borrowings.

Yes, with nuance. Rapat is a formal/official meeting (work, committee). Pertemuan is broader (“a meeting/meet-up/encounter”). So:

• Work context: arsip rapat… is best
• General gathering: arsip pertemuan… may fit, but “archives of a gathering” is less common outside formal contexts