Garðyrkjumaðurinn vinnur hér.

In Icelandic, the definite article is usually added to the end of the noun as a suffix.

• garðyrkjumaður = gardener
• garðyrkjumaðurinn = the gardener

So instead of a separate word like English the, Icelandic often builds that meaning directly into the noun.

Here, -inn is the definite ending used for this noun in the nominative singular masculine form.

That means the ending is showing:

• definite: the
• singular: one gardener
• masculine
• nominative: the subject form

In other genders, numbers, or cases, the ending would be different.

Yes. It is a compound, and long compounds are very common in Icelandic.

You can think of it as:

• garðyrkja = gardening / horticulture
• maður = man / person
• -inn = the

So the whole word means literally something like the gardening person, i.e. the gardener.

Vinnur is the 3rd person singular present tense of vinna, which means to work.

It is used because the subject, garðyrkjumaðurinn, is:

• third person: not I or you
• singular: one person

So:

• ég vinn = I work
• þú vinnur = you work
• hann/hún vinnur = he/she works

It can mean either, depending on context.

Icelandic present tense often covers both:

• English works
• English is working

So this sentence could describe:

• a general fact or regular job: works here
• what is happening right now: is working here

Context usually makes it clear.

It is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

In Icelandic, nouns change form depending on their role in the sentence. The nominative is the form typically used for the subject, so that is the form you see here.

Yes. That is a perfectly natural Icelandic sentence.

The original order is:

• Garðyrkjumaðurinn vinnur hér.
• Subject – Verb – Adverb

But Icelandic is a verb-second language in main clauses, so you can also put hér first:

• Hér vinnur garðyrkjumaðurinn.

That version gives a bit more emphasis to here.

You would normally just leave off the definite ending:

• Garðyrkjumaður vinnur hér.

Icelandic usually does not use a separate word for a/an, so the bare noun often has an indefinite meaning.

Both mean here.

• hér = here
• hérna = here, often a bit more conversational or emphatic

In many situations they are interchangeable. Hér is the shorter form, while hérna is very common in everyday speech.

A good beginner approximation is the th sound in this.

So:

• ð ≈ voiced th as in this
• þ ≈ unvoiced th as in think

That distinction is very useful in Icelandic, because both letters are common.