Ég hleð símann yfir nótt.

Hleða is the infinitive, meaning to charge.

In the sentence, the verb is conjugated for 1st person singular present tense:

• ég hleð = I charge

A very common pattern in Icelandic is:

• infinitive: hleða
• ég hleð
• þú hleður
• hann/hún/það hleður

So hleð is the correct finite verb form after ég.

The Icelandic ð is usually like the th in English this, that, or breathe.

So hleð ends with a voiced th sound, not a d sound.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• hleð ≈ hleth (with the th of this)

Also, in modern Icelandic, this ð is often quite soft.

Yes, the h belongs there, because the verb is hleða.

In words beginning with hl, hn, and hr, Icelandic keeps the spelling, and the pronunciation is a little different from English. The h is not usually pronounced like a full separate English h, but it affects the sound of the following consonant.

For learners, it is fine at first to think of hl as a special Icelandic sound cluster. You do not need to overdo the h.

Because hleð takes a direct object, and here that object is the phone. In this sentence, the direct object is in the accusative case.

The noun is:

• nominative: síminn = the phone (as subject)
• accusative: símann = the phone (as object)

Compare:

• Síminn er nýr. = The phone is new.
  Here the phone is the subject, so nominative: síminn.
• Ég hleð símann. = I charge the phone.
  Here the phone is the object, so accusative: símann.

This is part of Icelandic noun declension. Sími is a masculine noun, and masculine nouns often change form depending on case.

For sími:

• indefinite nominative: sími = a phone
• definite nominative: síminn = the phone
• indefinite accusative: síma = a phone
• definite accusative: símann = the phone

This is something you gradually learn with noun patterns. It is very normal for Icelandic learners to memorize nouns together with gender and some key case forms.

Yfir nótt is an expression meaning overnight or during the night.

Here:

• yfir is a preposition
• nótt is the accusative singular of nótt / nóttin = night / the night

In many contexts, yfir + accusative can mean over, during, or throughout a span of time.

So yfir nótt is an idiomatic time expression:

• Ég hleð símann yfir nótt. = I charge the phone overnight.

Because Icelandic often uses time expressions without the definite article when English might still say the or use a more fixed adverb like overnight.

So yfir nótt is a standard idiomatic expression. It does not need the night in the same way English often does.

You can think of it as a set phrase:

• yfir daginn = during the day
• yfir helgina = over the weekend
• yfir nótt = overnight

The exact form depends on the expression, so it is best to learn these as chunks.

Functionally, yes: it often translates as overnight.

But in Icelandic it is written as two words:

• yfir nótt

So although the meaning matches English overnight, the grammar is still a prepositional phrase in Icelandic.

Yes, but Ég hleð símann yfir nótt. is the most neutral and natural basic order.

Icelandic word order is fairly flexible, especially when you want to emphasize something. For example, you might move the time phrase for emphasis:

• Yfir nótt hleð ég símann.

That sounds more marked or literary, or it puts more focus on overnight.

For everyday learning, the safest pattern is:

• subject + verb + object + time expression

No. Hlaða has a broader meaning than English charge.

It can mean:

• to charge a battery or device
• to load
• to stack
• in some contexts, to upload

So the exact meaning depends on the object and context.

Examples:

• hlaða símann = charge the phone
• hlaða bílinn = charge the car
• hlaða vörubíl = load a truck
• hlaða myndbandi upp = upload a video

Icelandic does not normally use a special tense like English am charging.

The simple present often covers both:

• I charge the phone overnight
• I am charging the phone overnight

So:

• Ég hleð símann yfir nótt.

If you really want to emphasize that something is in progress right now, Icelandic usually does it with context or with another expression, not with a separate continuous tense like English.

A rough learner-friendly pronunciation might be:

Ég hleð símann yfir nótt
≈ yeg hleth SEE-man EE-vir noht

A few notes:

• Ég sounds roughly like yeg
• í in símann is a long ee
• ð in hleð is like th in this
• ó in nótt is like o in a long oh
• tt in nótt is pronounced distinctly

This is only an approximation, but it can help you get started.

Usually that would sound incomplete unless the object is already very clear from context.

Hlaða normally wants an object:

• Ég hleð símann. = I charge the phone.

If everyone already knows what you are talking about, Icelandic can sometimes omit the object, but in a normal standalone sentence, símann is expected.

So for learners, it is best to keep it:

• Ég hleð símann yfir nótt.