Ég er nýbúin að sjá fyrsta sólblómið blómstra við vegginn.

It is a very common Icelandic way to say I have just... or I just finished...

So Ég er nýbúin að sjá... means roughly I have just seen...

The pattern is:

vera + nýbúinn/nýbúin/nýbúið + að + infinitive

Examples:

• Ég er nýbúin að borða. = I have just eaten.
• Við erum nýbúin að koma. = We have just arrived.

It is often more natural in Icelandic than trying to copy the English present perfect directly.

Because nýbúin agrees with the speaker.

In this sentence, nýbúin shows that the speaker is feminine singular. If a male speaker said the same sentence, it would normally be:

Ég er nýbúinn að sjá fyrsta sólblómið blómstra við vegginn.

So with ég, the form changes depending on who is speaking:

• nýbúinn = masculine singular
• nýbúin = feminine singular
• nýbúið = neuter singular

This agreement is very normal in Icelandic predicate adjectives and participial forms.

Because the structure is:

nýbúin að sjá + object + infinitive

Here, að sjá is the infinitive after nýbúin að. Then sjá takes another verb, blómstra, to describe what was seen happening.

So:

sjá fyrsta sólblómið blómstra
= see the first sunflower bloom

This is similar to English:

• I saw the sunflower bloom
• I heard him sing

In that kind of construction, the second verb is a bare infinitive in Icelandic here, so you do not add another að.

No. Here blómstra is an infinitive, not a present-tense form.

The present tense would be:

blómstrar = blooms / is blooming

Compare:

• Sólblómið blómstrar. = The sunflower is blooming / blooms.
• Ég sá sólblómið blómstra. = I saw the sunflower bloom.

So in your sentence, blómstra is part of the see + object + infinitive pattern.

It is the direct object of sjá, so it is in the accusative.

The thing being seen is fyrsta sólblómið.

With sólblóm, the nominative and accusative singular definite form happen to look the same:

• nominative: sólblómið
• accusative: sólblómið

So you cannot see the case difference on the noun itself here, but grammatically it is accusative because it is the object of sjá.

Fyrsta means first and agrees with sólblómið in gender, number, and case.

Sólblóm is a neuter noun, so the matching form is fyrsta.

Compare:

• fyrsti for many masculine singular forms
• fyrsta for neuter singular, and also some feminine forms depending on case

So:

fyrsta sólblómið = the first sunflower

Also, ordinal numbers like fyrsti / fyrsta / fyrsta are declined like adjectives and must agree with the noun they modify.

That -ið is the definite article attached to the noun.

Icelandic usually puts the onto the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

So:

• sólblóm = sunflower
• sólblómið = the sunflower

That means:

fyrsta sólblómið
literally = the first sunflower

This is one of the most important features of Icelandic noun grammar.

Here við vegginn means something like:

• by the wall
• next to the wall
• against the wall

The exact English wording depends on context, but the basic idea is location close to the wall.

So the sentence is describing where the blooming sunflower is.

Because við takes the accusative case, and vegginn is the accusative singular definite form of veggur.

So:

• veggur = wall
• vegginn = the wall in the accusative

That is why you get:

við vegginn = by the wall

This is not because of motion toward the wall here; it is simply because við governs the accusative.

Because Ég er nýbúin að sjá... emphasizes that it happened very recently.

Compare:

• Ég sá fyrsta sólblómið blómstra... = I saw the first sunflower bloom...
• Ég er nýbúin að sjá fyrsta sólblómið blómstra... = I have just seen the first sunflower bloom...

The second version adds the idea of just now / recently completed. It sounds very natural in everyday Icelandic when you want to highlight freshness or immediacy.

Yes, but the meaning changes.

Compare these two:

sjá fyrsta sólblómið blómstra
= see the first sunflower bloom
This suggests witnessing the action or event.

sjá að fyrsta sólblómið blómstrar
= see that the first sunflower is blooming
This means noticing or realizing that it is in bloom.

So the original sentence is a bit more vivid and event-focused: the speaker has just seen the sunflower actually bloom.