Á mánudag getum við annaðhvort farið á heilsugæsluna snemma eða breytt tímapöntuninni aftur.

Both can mean on Monday, but they feel slightly different in usage.

• Á mánudag is very common in schedules/neutral statements: On Monday (at some point that day).
• Á mánudaginn (with the definite ending) can sound a bit more specific/emphatic, like this coming Monday / that particular Monday in context. Also note the case: with days of the week, á typically takes the accusative in this “on (a specific day)” time expression, which is why you see mánudag (accusative singular).

Icelandic follows a strong V2 (verb-second) pattern in main clauses:

• If you front something like a time phrase (Á mánudag), then the finite verb usually comes next: getum
• The subject við then comes after the verb: Á mánudag + getum + við You can also say Við getum … á mánudag, but the given order is very natural when you want to set the time first.

getum is the 1st person plural present form of geta (to be able to / can):

• ég get = I can
• við getum = we can
  So getum við = can we / we can (depending on sentence type; here it’s a statement because there’s no question mark and the overall word order fits a declarative clause with V2).

After geta, Icelandic very commonly uses the supine/past participle form (often called the supine in this construction), not the infinitive:

• geta + farið (from fara) = can go
• geta + gert (from gera) = can do
• geta + sagt (from segja) = can say
  So getum … farið is standard. Other modals often take the infinitive (e.g. vil fara = want to go).

It’s a correlative pair meaning either … or …:

• annaðhvort introduces the first option
• eða introduces the second option
  You normally use both together: annaðhvort X eða Y.
  In casual speech you might sometimes hear just … eða …, but including annaðhvort makes the “two alternatives” structure explicit.

A few things are happening:

• á + accusative often indicates motion/direction toward something: fara á heilsugæsluna = go (to) the health clinic.
• á + dative would indicate location: vera á heilsugæslunni = be at the health clinic. As for á vs í: with heilsugæsla the idiomatic choice is usually fara á heilsugæslu(na) (similar to going to a service/place). Some locations prefer í (e.g. í búðina = into the shop), but heilsugæsla commonly goes with á in this meaning.

heilsugæsla is a feminine noun.

• heilsugæsla = a health clinic / primary care service (indefinite)
• heilsugæslan = the health clinic (definite, subject form)
• heilsugæsluna = the health clinic (definite, accusative form) The ending -una is basically the
  • the right case ending fused onto the noun.

tímapöntuninni is dative singular definite, and it’s dative because breyta governs the dative:

• breyta einhverju = change something (literally “change to something” historically) So:
• breyta tímapöntun (indef., dative) = change an appointment booking
• breyta tímapöntuninni (def., dative) = change the appointment booking

Same pattern as with farið: after geta, Icelandic commonly uses the supine/past participle form:

• breyta (infinitive) → breytt (supine/past participle) So getum breytt tímapöntuninni = can change the appointment.

It’s a compound:

• tími = time / timeslot / appointment time
• pöntun = booking/order/reservation
  So tímapöntun is basically a time-slot booking, i.e. an appointment booking. In healthcare contexts it’s a normal way to refer to an appointment you’ve scheduled.

aftur here means again (change it again / rebook again).
Placement: it commonly appears near the end of the clause, especially after the object:

• breytt tímapöntuninni aftur = changed the appointment again
  It can sometimes move earlier for emphasis, but the given placement is very typical.

Common tricky points:

• Á: like ow in cow but longer/open; it’s a clear long vowel.
• mánudag: stress on the first syllable: MÁ-nu-dag.
• getum: the e is not like English “ee”; it’s more like a short eh.
• annaðhvort: ð is like the th in this; hv is often like kv (many speakers).
• heilsugæsluna: æ is like i in mine (roughly); and sl cluster can feel tight.
• tímapöntuninni: long í (like ee), and ö is a front rounded vowel (similar to German ö, if you know it).