Breakdown of Þær drekka kaffi á morgnana.
Questions & Answers about Þær drekka kaffi á morgnana.
Icelandic has three different pronouns for they, depending on grammatical gender:
- Þeir – masculine plural
- Þær – feminine plural
- Þau – neuter plural (often used for mixed‑gender groups)
Þær is used only for groups of females, so this sentence specifically says that the people drinking coffee are all women/girls.
The letter Þ/þ is called thorn and is pronounced like the th in thing, never like the th in this.
Þær is pronounced roughly like thair (as in English there, but with the th sound from thing at the start, and with a trilled or tapped r at the end).
The vowel æ is a diphthong, pronounced like eye in English.
Drekka is the verb to drink. In the present tense it conjugates (simplified) as:
- ég drekk – I drink
- þú drekkur – you (sg.) drink
- hann / hún / það drekkur – he / she / it drinks
- við drekkum – we drink
- þið drekkið – you (pl.) drink
- þeir / þær / þau drekka – they drink
Because the subject is Þær (they, feminine plural), the correct form is drekka.
Icelandic does not have a separate -ing form like English continuous tenses (are drinking, are going).
The simple present drekka can mean both they drink (habitually) and they are drinking (right now), depending on context.
If you really want to emphasize an ongoing action, you can use a construction like Þær eru að drekka kaffi, but it is not needed in this sentence.
Icelandic has no indefinite article like English a/an. So kaffi on its own can mean coffee or (some) coffee.
The definite article the is usually attached as an ending, not written as a separate word.
So kaffi = coffee, while kaffið = the coffee.
Both refer to coffee, but kaffið is definite: the coffee, some specific coffee already known from context.
In this sentence, we are talking about coffee in general – what they usually drink in the mornings – so kaffi is used.
Saying Þær drekka kaffið á morgnana would sound more like They drink the coffee in the mornings (for example, a particular pot of coffee you both know about).
Literally, á morgnana is on the mornings, but idiomatically it means in the mornings (habitually).
Morgunn is the noun morning. Its accusative plural definite form is morgnana (from the paradigm: morgunn – morgnar – morgna – morgnana).
So the structure is: á (on/in) + morgnana (the mornings) → on the mornings / in the mornings.
The preposition á is very flexible and can mean on, in, at, to, depending on context.
With time expressions, á often means on / in (during), as in:
- á daginn – in the daytime
- á kvöldin – in the evenings
- á veturna – in the winters
Á takes the accusative in á morgnana, so morgnana is accusative plural definite.
- á morgnana – in the mornings, regularly/habitually (every morning or most mornings).
- á morgun – tomorrow (this is a fixed expression; here morgun is an adverb meaning tomorrow).
- í morgun – this morning (earlier today in the morning).
So á morgnana describes a repeated habit, not a single specific morning.
Because of á and the meaning during the mornings, morgnana is in the accusative plural definite.
Plural, because we are talking about mornings in general, not just one morning; definite, because Icelandic often uses a definite plural form in habitual time expressions.
Even though the Icelandic is formally definite (the mornings), English normally translates this kind of phrase as just mornings.
Kaffi is a neuter noun whose nominative, accusative, and dative singular forms all look the same: kaffi.
In this sentence, kaffi is the direct object of drekka, so it is in the accusative singular, but that happens to be identical in form to the nominative.
You only see a different form in the genitive singular (kaffis) or in the plural.
The basic declarative order here is Subject – Verb – Object – Time: Þær drekka kaffi á morgnana.
Because Icelandic is a verb‑second (V2) language, you can put á morgnana at the front, but then the verb must still be in second position:
Á morgnana drekka þær kaffi – In the mornings, they drink coffee.
To make a yes/no question, you typically put the verb first:
Drekka þær kaffi á morgnana? – Do they drink coffee in the mornings?