Egy pumpa elég.

Because Hungarian usually omits the verb to be in the present tense, 3rd person.

So where English says:

• One pump is enough

Hungarian can simply say:

• Egy pumpa elég

This is very normal. The missing is is understood.

You would use van only in other situations, for example:

• A pumpa elég nagy. = The pump is big.
• A pumpa a garázsban van. = The pump is in the garage.

So in your sentence, no van is needed.

It can mean either, depending on context.

egy has two common uses:

• the number one
• the indefinite article = a/an

So Egy pumpa elég can mean:

• One pump is enough
• A pump is enough

If the context is about quantity, English will often translate it as one. If the context is more general, it may feel closer to a.

Hungarian uses the same word for both ideas.

Here elég means enough.

In this sentence, it works as the predicate of the sentence, roughly like an adjective in English:

• Egy pumpa elég. = One pump is enough.

But elég is a very flexible word in Hungarian. It can also appear in other patterns, for example:

• Elég nagy. = Big enough.
• Elég! = Enough!
• Elég jó. = Quite good / good enough, depending on context

So in your sentence, the simplest understanding is just: enough.

Because it is the subject of the sentence, so it appears in the nominative form, which usually has no ending in Hungarian.

In Egy pumpa elég:

• egy pumpa = the subject
• elég = the predicate

Hungarian often adds endings to nouns, but only when the grammar requires them. Here, no special case ending is needed.

Yes. Elég egy pumpa is also natural Hungarian.

Both are possible, but the word order changes the emphasis a bit:

• Egy pumpa elég. → focuses a little more on one pump
• Elég egy pumpa. → feels more like one pump is enough / it is enough to have one pump

Hungarian word order is flexible, and it often reflects focus or what is being emphasized, rather than strict fixed sentence structure like in English.

Yes. pumpa is a normal noun meaning pump.

It can refer to a mechanical pump, and in everyday speech it may also be used in practical contexts like an air pump, depending on the situation.

The sentence itself is grammatically straightforward regardless of the exact kind of pump.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• egy ≈ edgy without the final full y sound, more like ehdj
• pumpa ≈ POOM-paw
• elég ≈ eh-layg

A few helpful points:

• Hungarian stress is usually on the first syllable of each word.
• é is a long vowel.
• The gy sound is a special Hungarian consonant, softer than English g.

So the rhythm is roughly:

• Egy PUM-pa e-LÉG

Yes, that would be wrong.

In this kind of sentence, Hungarian does not use van in the present tense, 3rd person.

So:

• Egy pumpa elég. = correct
• Egy pumpa elég van. = incorrect

This is one of the most important patterns for English speakers to get used to, because English requires is, but Hungarian often does not.

Then Hungarian would use a form of to be.

For example:

• Egy pumpa elég volt. = One pump was enough.
• Egy pumpa elég lesz. = One pump will be enough.

So the omission of is happens specifically in the present tense, 3rd person.

Yes: the sentence is very compact, but very Hungarian.

A useful way to understand it is:

• Egy pumpa = what we are talking about
• elég = what is being said about it

This simple noun phrase + predicate pattern is very common in Hungarian:

• A leves jó. = The soup is good.
• Ez drága. = This is expensive.
• Két ember elég. = Two people are enough.

So Egy pumpa elég is a good model sentence for this broader pattern.