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Én segítek a barátnak.

Én segítek a barátnak.
I help the friend.
FromLesson 5inHardcore Hungarian

Breakdown of Én segítek a barátnak.

én
I
barát
the friend
segíteni
to help
-nak
to

Questions & Answers about Én segítek a barátnak.

Why is the pronoun én included in Én segítek a barátnak when the verb segítek already marks the first person?
Hungarian is a pro-drop language, which means you can usually omit the subject pronoun because the verb ending -k on segítek unambiguously signals “I.” You include én only for emphasis or contrast (e.g. Én segítek, nem te – “I’m the one helping, not you”).
What does the -k at the end of segítek signify?

The -k is the 1st person singular present-tense suffix. Hungarian verbs conjugate by attaching endings:
• segítek = I help
• segítesz = you help
• segít = he/she/it helps
and so on.

Why is barátnak used instead of barát or barátot?
  1. The verb segít governs the dative case (not the accusative), so “friend” must take the dative ending.
  2. You form the dative with -nak/–nek. Because barát has a back vowel (á), you choose -nak, giving barátnak.
  3. You do not use the accusative -t here, because that would mark a direct object, whereas segít takes an indirect (dative) object.
What is the function of the article a before barátnak?
a is the definite article (“the”). It indicates you’re talking about a specific friend. With common nouns you generally include a/az when referring to someone definite. (You omit the article only with proper names or titles.)
How would you say “I’m helping a friend” in the sense of an unspecified friend?

Use the indefinite article egy:
(Én) segítek egy barátnak.
This literally means “I’m helping a friend.” You still keep the dative suffix -nak.

How do you change segítek to the past tense?

You add the past-tense 1st person singular suffix -tem/–tam (vowel-harmonized):
segít → segítettem
So “I helped the friend” is (Én) segítettem a barátnak.

Can you change the word order in this sentence?

Yes. Hungarian has relatively free word order for emphasis. The neutral order is:
Én segítek a barátnak.
Examples of variation:
• A barátnak segítek. (focus on WHO is helped)
• Én segítek a barátnak. (contrast “I” with someone else)
• Segítek én a barátnak. (stylistic or poetic emphasis)

How do you turn Én segítek a barátnak into a question?

Most colloquially you simply raise your intonation:
(Én) segítek a barátnak?
If you want a more formal or old-fashioned question form, you can use the enclitic -e on the verb:
Segítek-e a barátnak?
—but note that this sounds literary or poetic in modern speech.

How do you express “I will help the friend” (future) in Hungarian?

Hungarian often uses the present tense for a near future:
Segítek a barátnak.
If you want to emphasize that it’s in the future, you can add majd:
Majd segítek a barátnak.
Or use the auxiliary fog + infinitive:
Fogok segíteni a barátnak.

More from this lesson

tegnapmoziTegnap moziba mentem.filmÉn láttam egy új filmet, és a film nagyon érdekes volt.barátnőaztA barátnőm is látta azt a filmet.
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