Learn Hardcore Hungarian: A diák a kertet nézi. - The student looks at the garden.

In Hungarian, the direct object typically takes the -t suffix (often with a vowel inserted before -t, here -et). So kert (garden) becomes kertet to mark it as the direct object.

Why is the verb nézi used instead of néz?

Hungarian has a definite and an indefinite conjugation. Because the garden is a specific, definite object (marked by the article a), the definite form nézi is required. If the object were indefinite (e.g., egy kertet or something non-specific), you would more likely use néz.

Could I say A diák nézi a kertet instead, and if so, what changes?

Yes, you can. Hungarian word order is relatively flexible. A diák nézi a kertet puts a neutral emphasis on the action itself. A diák a kertet nézi can put a bit more emphasis on the garden as the focus of the student’s attention. Neither is wrong, but the emphasis can shift slightly.

Is there a difference between nézi and látja?

Nézi means he/she is looking at (actively watching), while látja means he/she sees (the more passive act of seeing). In this context, nézi emphasizes active observation.