A huzat miatt nagy a hőveszteség.

Because miatt is a postposition, not a preposition.

English says because of the draft, with because of before the noun. Hungarian says a huzat miatt, with miatt after the noun phrase.

So the structure is:

• a huzat miatt = because of the draft
• az eső miatt = because of the rain
• a zaj miatt = because of the noise

This is very common in Hungarian: some little grammar words come after the noun they belong to.

Miatt means because of, due to, or on account of.

In this sentence:

• A huzat miatt = because of the draft / due to the draft

It is used with a noun phrase, not a full clause. So if you want to say because of X, miatt is a very natural choice.

Both are the Hungarian definite article a.

• a huzat = the draft
• a hőveszteség = the heat loss

Hungarian uses a before consonants and az before vowels.

So:

• a huzat
• a ház
• az ablak
• az ajtó

Even with abstract or technical nouns like hőveszteség, the definite article is often perfectly normal.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person, when the predicate is a noun or adjective.

So:

• A hőveszteség nagy. = The heat loss is large.
• Nagy a hőveszteség. = The heat loss is large.

But in the past or future, the verb appears:

• Nagy volt a hőveszteség. = The heat loss was large.
• Nagy lesz a hőveszteség. = The heat loss will be large.

So the missing is is not an omission in the informal sense; it is simply normal Hungarian grammar.

Both are possible, but the word order changes the emphasis.

• Nagy a hőveszteség puts focus on nagy: the important point is that the heat loss is large/significant.
• A hőveszteség nagy is more neutral or descriptive: the heat loss is large.

Hungarian word order is strongly connected to information structure: what is already known, what is being emphasized, and what answers the implicit question.

Here, A huzat miatt sets the scene, and nagy gets the main emphasis.

Usually, no. In this context, nagy is the natural choice.

English often says high heat loss, but Hungarian does not always translate high with magas. With things like loss, amount, or degree, Hungarian often uses nagy instead.

So:

• nagy a hőveszteség = the heat loss is large / high / significant

Using magas here would sound unnatural to most speakers.

This is a good example of where you should translate the idea, not the individual English word.

Yes, hőveszteség is one compound word.

It is made from:

• hő = heat
• veszteség = loss

So literally it is heat-loss, which English writes as heat loss.

Hungarian forms many compounds like this, especially in technical or formal language. A learner should get used to seeing long compound nouns written as a single word.

It stays in its basic form. There is no extra case ending on huzat here.

That is because miatt itself expresses the relationship because of. So:

• a huzat miatt
• az eső miatt
• a probléma miatt

In other words, the grammar meaning is carried by the postposition miatt, not by a suffix on the noun.

It can be rearranged, but the emphasis will change.

For example, these are all possible:

• A huzat miatt nagy a hőveszteség.
• Nagy a hőveszteség a huzat miatt.
• A hőveszteség nagy a huzat miatt.

They all express roughly the same basic idea, but they do not sound exactly identical in focus.

The given version is natural because it first gives the cause/background — A huzat miatt — and then states the main point: nagy a hőveszteség.

So the sentence is not mechanically fixed, but the original order is very idiomatic.