A záridő rövid, és a rekesz kicsi.

In Hungarian, the verb to be is usually left out in the present tense, third person.

So:

• A záridő rövid. = The shutter speed is short.
• A rekesz kicsi. = The aperture is small.

Hungarian does use forms of to be in other situations, for example:

• Én magas vagyok. = I am tall.
• Te fáradt vagy. = You are tired.
• A záridő rövid volt. = The shutter speed was short.

So the missing is here is completely normal.

Because a is the definite article, meaning the.

Hungarian normally repeats the article before each noun:

• A záridő rövid, és a rekesz kicsi.

Literally:

• the shutter speed short, and the aperture small

English can also repeat the, but Hungarian does it very naturally and regularly. You generally do not use one article to cover both nouns here.

Yes, és means and.

It works very much like English and for joining words, phrases, or clauses:

• A záridő rövid, és a rekesz kicsi.
• Péter és Anna = Peter and Anna

In speech, Hungarian sometimes uses other linking words too, but és is the standard basic word for and.

Because here rövid and kicsi are not directly describing the nouns inside a noun phrase; they are acting as the predicate of the sentence.

Compare:

1. Attributive adjective: adjective directly before the noun

   • rövid záridő = a short shutter speed
   • kis rekesz = a small aperture

2. Predicate adjective: adjective comes after the noun

   • A záridő rövid. = The shutter speed is short.
   • A rekesz kicsi. = The aperture is small.

So the word order is different because the sentence structure is different.

This is a very common question.

Both kis and kicsi relate to small, but they are used a bit differently:

• kis is very common before a noun
  • kis rekesz = a small aperture
• kicsi is the usual form when it stands by itself as a predicate
  • A rekesz kicsi. = The aperture is small.

So in this sentence, kicsi is the natural choice because it comes after the noun and functions like is small.

They are in the nominative case, which is the basic dictionary form.

That makes sense because they are the subjects of the two clauses:

• A záridő rövid
• a rekesz kicsi

There are no visible case endings here because nominative singular in Hungarian often has no ending.

No, not in the way they do in many Indo-European languages.

Hungarian adjectives do not change form to match the noun for gender, and Hungarian nouns do not have grammatical gender anyway. In this kind of sentence, the adjective simply stays the same:

• A záridő rövid.
• A rekesz kicsi.

Whether the noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter is not an issue in Hungarian, because Hungarian does not work that way.

Yes, Hungarian word order is fairly flexible, but changing it often changes the focus or emphasis.

The neutral version is:

• A záridő rövid, és a rekesz kicsi.

You could also say:

• Rövid a záridő, és kicsi a rekesz.

This version puts more emphasis on the qualities short and small.

So both are possible, but they are not always identical in tone or focus.

A rough guide:

• záridő ≈ ZAA-ri-dur
• rövid ≈ RUR-vid
• és ≈ aysh
• rekesz ≈ REH-kess
• kicsi ≈ KI-chi

A few useful pronunciation notes:

• á is a long a
• é is a long e
• ö is a rounded vowel, somewhat like German ö
• ő is the long version of ö
• cs is pronounced like ch in church
• Hungarian stress is usually on the first syllable:
  • ZÁ-ri-dő
  • RÖ-vid
  • RE-kesz
  • KI-csi

These are photography terms.

• záridő literally means something like shutter time
  • zár = shutter / closing mechanism
  • idő = time
• rekesz means aperture, though in other contexts it can also mean a compartment or section

So the sentence uses standard camera vocabulary.

It is singular:

• A záridő = the shutter speed
• a rekesz = the aperture

If you made the nouns plural, Hungarian would also mark plural on the nouns:

• A záridők rövidek, és a rekeszek kicsik.

Here you can also see something important: when predicate adjectives are plural, they often take plural marking too:

• rövid → rövidek
• kicsi → kicsik

So singular and plural look different in this kind of sentence.